Very short answer: No, you must use the word degree.
Long answer: My best guess is that this sentence comes from a high-school physics textbook.
"The way to tell a true unit from a degree of something is to look at the zero point".
In this sentence, the word "degree" is being used to mean "those units of measurement which take the word degree", (degrees Celcius, degrees Fahrenheit, etc). It is contrasting these units with "true units", (metres, feet, amps, etc), which do not take the word "degree".
We don't say "degrees feet" or "degrees tonnes", but should say "degrees celcius" or "degrees Fahrenheit". Why? Your sentence tells you: by looking at the zero point.
A quantity expressed in a true unit, -- such as a metre, second, foot, or amp, -- is such that zero means that there is nothing-at-all of a thing.
Zero metres is identical to zero feet, or zero inches, or zero light-years, it means no distance at all. Zero tonnes, zero grains and zero ounces are similarly equal, and represent a lack of weight. These are true units.
In some cases, "nothing at all" of a thing is hard to find or inconvenient to use. The classic case of this is temperature, where "no temperature at all" is hard to create or find in nature. In such cases zero must be placed rather arbitrarily and negative quantities admitted. Zero degrees Fahrenheit is not zero degrees Celcius and neither represent a lack of temperature. They therefore have "degrees" in front of them. They are so marked because there are considerable implications to this arbitrary positioning of zero.
So the way to tell if something should take the word "degree" is to look at what zero means. If it means none-at-all of a thing then it may be a true unit. If zero has been placed by convention at an (often convenient) point then it is a degree unit and not a true unit at all.
Degree is not an appropriate word choice here, nor is it one I have encountered as a native English speaker. The 105 in your example sentence should be a grade or a score (most likely an average or cumulative grade).
You can earn a degree of a certain type (a bachelor's degree, a degree in physics) but not of certain score.
In some situations (a low-grade job is like a job of low degree), degree is a synonym for a grade, but this is not one of them.
Looking at definitions of degree in the Oxford dictionary, any acceptable usage of degree with a number is limited to usage as a unit (100 degrees) or a specific term (second-degree murder, first-degree burn).
Best Answer
The document required for admission to universities in the US is the official transcript. Most US universities require that equivalent documents be submitted first to a third-party translation and evaluation service such as World Education Services (WES). http://www.wes.org/required/index.asp
The most likely equivalent to an official transcript is the certificado de estudios, but it may need to be accompanied by the titulo universitario.
tran·script noun \ˈtran(t)-ˌskript\
: a written, printed, or typed copy of words that have been spoken
: an official record of a student's grades http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transcript