A single female is a cow
A single male is a bull
A castrated male is a steer
An unbred female is a heifer
A juvenile is a calf
All of those terms can be pluralized according to normal conventions.
There is also the collective cattle
But what I don't know, is if there is a word for a single individual of the species that can be applied regardless of sex. Something like "pig" which can be applied to any individual swine.
Best Answer
From my experience working on a cattle farm, it gets too pedantic to keep on saying "cattle," so we just said "cow" when the context made it fairly obvious that there was no specific reference to gender. However, one tends to avoid the use of that word by simply using the correct gender form, as in "bull" or "cow."