I've always said "Dell fee".
In further support of this, the name was chosen (cite) by one of Delphi's developers, Danny Thorpe, who has a decidedly non-Greek name.
If you look into it further, you'll see the name is a reference to the Oracle at Delphi, which was pronounced in ancient Greek as /ðelˈfi/, using the Ancient Greek IPA (/i/ refers to the "hard e" sound, whereas /ai/ would refer to "hard i"). And according to this footnote, "dell fi" is actually the English corruption.
I pronounce your examples "ten", "ten", "ten", and "one ef". I count in hexadecimal, "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ay, bee, see, dee, ee, ef, ten, eleven, twelve, ..., one-ee, one-ef, twenty, twenty-one, ..." etc.
I've heard some people make the argument that, as a "number" is a concept that is independent of the numerals and radix used to represent it, that therefore we should read binary 10 as "two", octal 12 as "ten", etc, because that is the concept that these strings of digits represent. I was on another forum once where several people were quite adamant about this, and insisted that anyone who read octal 10 as "ten" was demonstrating profound mathematical ignorance, corrupting the youth, and so forth. I disagree with that idea on two grounds: one philosophical, one practical.
On the philosophical, who says that "thirteen" means "this many: X X X X X X X X X X X X X" and not "the string of digits consisting of a one followed by a three"? There are many possible representations of "this many fingers", including decimal 13, octal 15, Roman numerals XIII, Hebrew symbols yod-gimel, etc etc. Who says that the only correct way to read all these representations is by the word "thirteen"? Are French people "wrong" because they read it as "treize" rather than as "thirteen"? If it's linguistic chauvinism to say that the French are wrong to use French words rather than English words, perhaps it is "radix chauvinism" to say that names derived from the decimal number system are "right" and names derived from any other number system are "wrong". Need I point out that "thirteen" is obviously derived from a string of digits, "1" and "3". To look at (octal) "15" and read it "thirteen" is clearly imposing a decimal-based name on an octal representation.
On more practical terms, trying to read numbers in other bases using names derived from their decimal equivalents quickly becomes wildly impractical. If you insist that octal 10 be read "eight", then presumably we keep counting 11=nine, 12=ten, 13=eleven, 14=twelve, ... 20=sixteen, 21=seventeen, ... 100=sixty-four, ... etc. Imagine trying to read off a series of octal numbers to another person for him to copy. Would you really look at octal 34702 and read it "fourteen thousand seven hundred eighty-six", and then expect the other person to hear this and type in "34702"? Such a process would be very difficult and error-prone. It makes a lot more sense to read it "three four seven zero two" or "thirty-four thousand seven hundred two".
Once you grant that when numbers exceed two or three digits it is most natural and practical to read them using the digits given and not trying to use the same words you would use for "this many" in decimal, it follows that for consistency we should always do this. If I read octal 12 as "ten" but octal 1000 as "one thousand", then we would have to define some cut-off point where we transition from "decimal names" to "octal names". As such a cut-off point would be arbitrary, it would likely be confusing. Better to just consistantly use the natural octal reading.
Best Answer
From an English perspective I have not come across this notation. However, the British monarchy do not have surnames per say, but rather belong to a "house".
If I had to speak this statement I would probably say:
Elizabeth the Second of the Royal House of Windsor.