I understand that the alphabet for the English language is not strictly English as languages such as French, Dutch and many more use the same alphabet, with few additions in other languages. Is Roman alphabet the common term to refer to this set of symbols for writing texts?
Learn English – Is the “Roman alphabet” what we use for English
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*The letter K comes from the Greek letter Κ (kappa), which was taken from the Semitic kap, the symbol for an open hand.' This, in turn, was likely adapted by Semites who had lived in Egypt from the hieroglyph for "hand" representing D in the Egyptian word for hand, d-r-t. The Semites evidently assigned it the sound value /k/ instead, because their word for hand started with that sound.
In the earliest Latin inscriptions, the letters C, K and Q were all used to represent the sounds /k/ and /g/ (which were not differentiated in writing). Of these, Q was used to represent /k/ or /g/ before a rounded vowel, K before /a/, and C elsewhere. Later, the use of C and its variant G replaced most usages of K and Q. K survived only in a few fossilized forms such as Kalendae, "the calends".
When Greek words were taken into Latin, the Kappa was transliterated as a C. Loanwords from other alphabets with the sound /k/ were also transliterated with C. Hence, the Romance languages generally use C and have K only in later loanwords from other language groups.
The Celtic languages also tended to use C instead of K, and this influence carried over into Old English.
(Wikipedia)
Alphabet is the correct word.
As I believe "alphabet" refers specifically to the latin a-z
Your assumption is wrong.
The etymological origin of the word "alphabet" relates to the Greek alphabet, in which the first two characters are "alpha" and "beta".
However, "alphabet" is currently used for any comprehensive set of characters. Take note of definition 1.1, which shows you that it can be used more loosely and does not even need to refer to a linguistic character set.
Alphabet
noun
A set of letters or symbols in a fixed order used to represent the basic set of speech sounds of a language, especially the set of letters from A to Z.
‘the first letter of the alphabet’
‘a phonetic alphabet’1.1. The basic elements in a system which combine to form complex entities.
‘DNA's 4-letter alphabet’
The OED does mention that it can be taken to refer to the A-Z alphabet, but not exclusively.
Tangentially
You've somewhat answered your own question. From your question body:
English, French, German etc are all languages, but all use the Latin alphabet.
If you assume that "alphabet" inherently refers to the Latin A-Z, then why didn't you say:
English, French, German etc are all languages, but all use the alphabet.
The fact that you have to say "the Latin alphabet" contradicts your notion that "alphabet" always refers to the Latin A-Z. That would make "Latin alphabet" a pleonasm.
Needing to specify which alphabet means that there is more than one alphabet.
Best Answer
The term for the name of the script is Latin, at least according to Unicode.
Contrast those with non-Latin letters, like these:
Any code point with the Unicode character property
Script=Latinis deemed a Latin letter — presuming it is a letter. There are a few Latin code points that count as numbers, too, likeBringhurst in Elements of Typographic Style talks about how the Latin alphabet is not the ASCII alphabet, but contains in fact hundreds more glyphs, or sorts as a typesetter might say. Most of these we only use in English when writing an unassimilated loan words, or someone’s name, if at all.
And it gets weirder, because as more world languages have adopted the Latin alphabet, they often have reason to add new letters to it for their own needs.