There is a British/American difference here. The verb provide takes two objects, and they can go in either order. The second one usually takes a preposition, and the first one never does. The preposition depends on the order.
Can you provide some good examples for me.
Can you provide me with some good examples.
You should provide food for your dog before you go on vacation.
You should provide your dog with food before you go on vacation.
Americans do sometimes use two objects without prepositions if the "for" object is first and the "with" object second:
You should provide your dog exercise on a regular basis.
Wikipedia says this is not allowed in British English.
The term in question is phrasal verb which is defined as
a phrase which consists of a verb in combination with a preposition or adverb or both, the meaning of which is different from the meaning of its separate parts. Cambridge
When changing the tense of a phrasal verb, only the verb is affected, for the simple reason that adverbs and prepositions do not change with tense, as they are not verbs. It is also crucial to note that phrasal verbs do not come with hyphens. However, a number of them can be hyphenated or compounded to function as adjectives or nouns with related or unrelated meanings.
To use your example, the past tense of mouse over would be moused over, while the present participle would be mousing over. You could also hyphenate to make a noun, as in, "The trackball is so bad that a simple mouse-over to the top-left corner of the screen takes more than twenty seconds."
For reference, here is the definition of mouse over:
mouse (verb)
[with adverbial of direction] use a mouse to move a cursor on a computer screen:
mouse over to the window and click on it NOAD
Some standard phrasal verbs, their tenses and their adjective/noun derivatives:
PHRASAL VERB PAST TENSE PRESENT PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVE/NOUN
brush off brushed off brushing off brush-off
fall out fell out falling out fallout • falling-out
check in checked in checking in check-in
cross over crossed over crossing over crossover
drop out dropped out dropping out dropout
knock down knocked down knocking down knockdown • knock-down
see through saw through seeing through see-through
shape up shaped up shaping up shape-up
stand by stood by standing by standby
take away took away taking away takeaway
take off took off taking off takeoff • take-off
All this said, there are indeed some standard hyphenated verbs (these belong to the larger group of compound verbs, majority of which do not have a hypen, e.g. backstab, broadside, singsong, overtake, bypass, etc.), but these are not verb-preposition combinations, as you indicated. Rather, they terminate in verbs or are wholly verbal in composition. For these species, the tense change affects the word in its entirety. Examples:
COMPOUND VERB PAST TENSE PRESENT PARTICIPLE
(with hyphen)
booby-trap booby-trapped booby-trapping
flip-flop flip-flopped flip-flopping
see-saw see-sawed see-sawing
sun-dry sun-dried sun-drying
T-bone T-boned T-boning
However, there exists one (and there may be a few more) true hyphenated phrasal verb (verb-preposition) that is treated wholly as a verb: one-up
PHRASAL VERB PAST TENSE PRESENT PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVE/NOUN
one-up one-upped one-upping one up [on]
It appears, however, that this verb may be a back-formation from the original noun phrase and, later, adjective, one up.
Best Answer
Inquire is neither ditransitive nor monotransitive.^ A ditransitive verb is one like give (in some of its uses) that takes two objects:
A monotransitive (or plain transitive) takes just one object, as gnaw does (in some of its uses):
Inquire can't be inserted into either of these syntactic frames in modern English (but see StoneyB’s answer and rogermue’s dated enquire the time):
Instead, complements of inquire must be sentential for direct objects (the object of inquiry) or prepositional (the person to whom the inquiry is directed):
In a certain sense, inquire isn’t intransitive, then, either (as arrive is). Rather, its semantic argument is subject to a syntactic restriction: it can only be expressed by a sentential complement (what the time was), not by a noun phrase (the time). This contrasts with ask which is happy either with sentential or nominal complements:
The syntactic contrast between ask and inquire (and other pairs of verbs), which obtains despite their semantic similarity, was the subject of an important paper in theoretical linguistics by Jane Grimshaw.
^ I've never heard the term bitransitive in any grammatical work. So, I'll leave it aside in favour of ditransitive.