I've long understood the phrase "blowing smoke up someone's arse" to mean lying.
I've since seen many online discussions and articles which seem to regard it to mean insincere flattery.
Have I been wrong all this time? Or is the phrase used with both meanings? Perhaps it's a US/UK thing?
(Most of the discussions I've seen are in the context of the phrase's purported origins in a quasi-medical practice used either to revive drowning victims or to test for signs of life.)
Best Answer
Reference-work coverage of the expression
Harold Wentworth & Stuart Flexner, Dictionary of American Slang, first edition (1960) has this entry for the phrase "blow smoke":
In Robert Chapman & Barbara Kipfer, Dictionary of American Slang, third edition (1995) the extension "up [someone's] ass" joins the party:
All four of the Chapman & Kipfer definitions work with "blow smoke" by itself. The optional addition of "up [someone's] ass" to "blow smoke" in the definition 2 sense of the phrase but not to any of the others strongly suggests that the extra wording serves as an insulting intensifier rather than representing a phrase grounded in some sort of medical or physiological procedure.
However, some books take the opposite view, asserting that "blow smoke up [someone's] ass" refers to a procedure once practiced in the premodern era of medicine. Thus, for example, Eric Burns, The Smoke of the Gods: A Social History of Tobacco (2007) has this:
That unusual therapy is all very well—or perhaps not—but its existence among some pre-Columbian peoples of the Western Hemisphere and some post-Columbian peoples of eighteenth-century Europe does little to explain why the slang expression "blow smoke up [someone's] ass" emerged only in the 1940s or later. My guess is that the historical practice is only coincidentally related to the modern expression.
But if the weird medical practice isn't the source of the slang term, what is? I suspect that the answer is amplification: sometimes a slang term that has been around for a while acquires new cachet thanks to a snappy word replacement or an edgier extension. But if this simply a case of amplification, a couple of other phenomena are likely: (1) we might see alternative extended versions of "blow smoke"—especially in the period before "blow smoke up [someone's] ass" comes into frequent use—that use less startling words than "ass"; and (2) we ought to see "blow smoke up [someone's] ass" being used not just for "blowing smoke" definition 2 above, but for definitions 1 and 3 as well.
Two slang glossaries mention "blow smoke up [someone's] ass" earlier than Chapman & Kipfer. First from Ken Weaver, Texas Crude (1984):
And from Pamela Munro, Slang U. (1991) has this entry:
Munro's definition conflates Chapman & Kipfer's definitions 1 and 2. And definition 3 ("flatter, sweet-talk") is evidently the sense of the phrase as used in TV Guide (1997):
Database search results
The earliest match in a n Elephind search that explicitly identifies someone's ass as the conduit for blown smoke (in a slang sense) is from John Anderson, "Billie Carr: The 'Godmother' of Local Liberal Politics," in the [Houston, Texas] Rice Thresher (June 26 1975), the student newspaper at Rice University in Houston:
In "It Is Up to the Senate to Save the Hatch Act" from the Philadelphia Inquirer, reprinted in the Congressional Record, volume 122, part 4 (1976) [combined snippets]:
Even earlier, from "Center of Gravity," in the Saturday Evening Post (1964), reprinted in The Best American Short Stories 1965 [combined snippets]:
One fairly early match suggest a euphemism. From Rick Eilert, For Self and Country (1984):
Early complications
But then there is this item from "Thursday's Daily," in the [Prescott] Arizona Weekly Journal-Miner (March 14, 1894):
This suggests some sort of metaphor for enlivening or reviving someone who is conspicuously inert.
A somewhat similar usage reported in South Africa (and published in Australia) occurs in 1903. From "The Cape 'Ragging' Case: A Court-Martial: On Seven Army Officers: Sensational Disclosures," in the [Sydney, New South Wales] Evening News (July 16, 1903):
This is clearly a literal use of "blow smoke," but its reference to blowing smoke in order to revive someone may be more closely related logically to the metaphorical sense of "blow smoke up his spinal column" in the 1897 example from Arizona than to the later metaphorical use of "blow smoke" to mean "boast," "deceive," or "flatter."
Ultimately, I don't know what to make of these two isolated instances from 1894 and 1902. They present "blowing smoke" (literally or figuratively) to rouse someone as an idea that readers would not find startling or necessary to have explained to them. But on the other hand, I haven't found the sort of recorded continuity in usage or meaning that might convincingly connect the earliest uses with the ones that Dictionary of American Slang, third edition, says began to occur in the 1940s.