Here's an excellent example, Psalm 75, which in seven verses goes from the first person plural ("We praise you, God,....") to a second person, direct address to God ("You say, 'I choose the appointed time;....'") to a third person description of God ("It is God who judges:...."). Note that the second-person is a quotation of God, which requires a change inside the quotation to the first person to preserve the meaning.
This kind of change is called a "shift in person" or sometimes a "shift in point of view" or "POV shift." From a paper God does not sing. Identification of participants in Psalm 75 by Christiaan Erwich:
What voices can be heard in the Psalms? A great challenge of
reading the poetry of the Psalms is the identification of
participants. The major cause of this problem is a continual shift in
person, number and gender (so-called PNG-shifts) in the text.
Preterition may fit. Here is the definition in Dupriez, Bernard Marie, and A. W. Halsall (translator). A Dictionary of Literary Devices : Gradus, A-Z. U of Toronto, 1991 (quote from p. 353.):
"A figure by which summary mention is made of a thing, in professing to omit it" (OED). See also Lanham, Lausberg, Littre, and Morier. Both Quinn (pp. 70-1) and Fontanier (p. 143) add that such a declaration of omission is in fact a way of emphasizing the allegedly omitted material.
In each of your examples is something quite similar - summary mention of a thing in professing that a speaker omitted it, in order to emphasize the allegedly omitted material. To use your first example:
- Just then his disciples came back. They marveled that he was talking with a woman, but no one said, “What do you seek?” or, “Why are you talking with her?” (Gospel of John 4:27; ESV)
Stating the omitted questions has the effect of emphasizing them. No one may have said them, but it suggests that others in that situation would have asked, or that these questions were seen as reasonable if a wise man like Jesus talked with a woman. Similarly, the other two examples further qualify the response of the two men to the day and the response of the angry man.
The main oddness here is that examples of preterition are usually in first person rather than in third person. However, nothing in the definition forbids its application to third-person narration.
Possible synonyms include include paralipsis/paralepsis or occupatio, though note that at least one scholar has disputed that preterition should be called that (Kelly, H. A. “Occupatio as Negative Narration: A Mistake for ‘Occultatio/Praeteritio.’” Modern Philology, vol. 74, no. 3, 1977, pp. 311–315.):
Quite clearly, then, preterition [and not occupatio or occultatio] is the appropriate term for Chaucer's usual practice of negative narration [...] (p. 315)
Best Answer
paraprosdokian: a figure of speech in which the latter part of the sentence or phrase is surprising or unexpected in a way that causes the reader or listener to reframe or reinterpret the first part.
Using similar adjectives as contrast makes the audience think about the small differences between the two: biological vs. relational, in your example.