Which sentence is correct? Why?
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In 2000, the number of Vietnamese students studied in Russia and France was around 3 million and 3.5 million respectively.
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In 2000, the numbers of Vietnamese students studied in Russia and France were around 3 million and 3.5 million respectively.
Best Answer
The short answer is that it should be in the singular. (I will explain this later.)
However, there is a better solution to this—one that is both syntactically correct and which sounds more natural:
This dispenses with the troublesome noun number, using instead the past tense of the verb number.
To explain why the example sentence is in the singular, consider its expanded version:
In both clauses, number is singular and so is the verb. Shortening it into a single clause with respectively doesn't change this essential fact in this particular case. (Even when X is plural, you can't say the numbers of X.)
But in addition to the rephrasing I suggested at the start of my answer, there is another possibility: