Hit Points as a way of referencing the general remaining health of a person is taken from the game Dungeons and Dragons, originally published back in the '70s. It was the first really popular stat-based role-playing game, and became kind of a touchstone for geekyness.
The idea was that you had a given number of hit points, based on your character class, constitution, and level. When attacked, you lose a certain number based on the power of the attack and a die roll. When/if your "HP" drops to 0, you die.
There are other games that use a "hit point" system these days, and probably were before D&D, but that is the game that popularized the concept. If you hear someone talking about "hit points" in real life, they are making a nerdy D&D reference.
Todger, from northern English tadger
The OED says todger is British slang, a variant of tadger, and their first citation is 1986:
1986 Comic Relief Christmas Bk. 135/2
Shakespeare uses Comic Relief..to relieve the
audience from tragedy with cunning allusions to
the enormous todgers that were the joy of his
private life.
For tadger, they say it's British slang originally from northern England. The etymological origin is unknown but they point out their first quote and a later quote:
1949 E. Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 3) 1192/2
Tadger, penis: North Country, esp. Yorkshire...
Perh. ex tadpole.
1990 T. Thorne Bloomsbury Dict. Contemp. Slang
(1991) 506/1 Tadger,..a vulgarism of unknown origin (prob. from a lost dialect verb), used for
many years in the North of England and revived by
students, alternative comedians, etc. in the
1980s. Todger is an alternative modern version.
Tadge, to beat to a pulp
However, the New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2008) says:
todger noun the penis. From the obsolete verb ‘todge’ (to smash to
a pulp), the penis seen as a smashing tool UK, 2001
tadger noun the penis. Originally dialect; survives in rhyming slang
FOX AND BADGER UK, 1961
The obsolete verb todge is found in Slang and Colloquial English by John S. Farmer and W. E. Henley (1921, New York):
Todge. Stodge : as verb, to smash, to pulp.
And likewise in the Vocabulum; or The Rogue's Lexicon by George W. Matsell (1859, New York):
It's defined as a noun in Francis Grose's 1785 A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue:
Todger, Yorkshire dialect for a child?
Todger may also have been Yorkshire dialect for a child, judging by the title of a poem by Gwen Wade (1904-1996), a "distinguished Yorkshire Dialect Society member". Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society - Volumes 15-17, 1984:
Modern Yorkshire dialect poets such as Bill Cowley in his "April Bairn" or Gwen Wade in her "T'Little Todger" come closer to black American dialect writers' treatment of children. They write almost exclusively about the delight children give us, or they write "teasing" poems for the children themselves (to scare them into obedience?).
Here's an extract:
T'LITTLE TODGER
By gow, but tha sewerly is cappin
Thro thi heead dahn to t' soles o' thi feet!
Ah could credit at t'Dobs caught us nappin
An slipped us a fresh un bi neet;
We'd waited on summat o' mettle
Bein born o' th o' thi mother an me,
But, peeakin up theer on t'langsettle,
Why, sitha, tha's thee!
Other snippets
A snippet of Mixer and Server (Volume 35, Hotel and Restaurant Employees' International Alliance and Bartenders' International League of America, 1926) uses "little tadger" to refer to a boy.
Seeing the little tadger trying to reach the bell and thinking he was a good scout and doing his daily good turn, he walked up to the porch, smiled at the youngster and said, "What can I do for you, young man?"
Perhaps less relevant, but a snippet of The semantic development of words for "walk, run" in the Germanic languages by Roscoe Myrl Ihrig (University of Chicago press, 1916) offers todgey meaning "short and fat":
Best Answer
The Oxford English Dictionary doesn't have doublespeak as a separate entry; I can only make an educated guess. The word double-talk already existed in 1938, according to the OED, and was originally American. But apparently it meant simply "deliberate gibberish" then, i.e. not merely ambiguous language, but nonsense talk that listeners were supposed to know meant nothing, uttered to comical or artistic effect.
After Orwell's famous novel 1984, published in 1948/1949, double-talk apparently acquired the (additional?) meaning "deceiving language", i.e. language that is deliberately ambiguous, or language that appears to mean one thing but in fact means another.
This is probably based on Orwell's newspeak and doublethink. His novel was (partly) a critique of the practice and propaganda of the totalitarian regimes of his time, Fascist Germany and Stalinist Russia.
Newspeak is new language invented by politicians as propaganda, in order to influence people's thinking by changing their language (one of the principal mechanisms studied by Postmodernist philosophers and sociologists). The word is invented by politicians in the novel and is an instance of itself. By drastically reducing vocabulary, and making new, simpler words from the remainder, they hoped to control the people more effectively. Many modern euphemisms could be called, and are often called, newspeak, like "differently abled" and "Secretary of Defence".
Doublethink is somewhat related to what modern psychology calls cognitive dissonance: first accepting one fact as true, then another, contradictory fact—without critical self-assessment, which would ordinarily result in elimination of one fact or the other. Orwell's politicians try to effect doublethink by means of using and propagating ambiguous language.
Considering the change in meaning of double-talk soon after the publication of Orwell's novel, and the emergence of doublespeak to mean the same a few years later, your sources (reasonably) assume that the word was deliberately coined as a (semi-)portmanteau of Orwell's newspeak and doublethink. The OED has 1957 as its earliest quotation:
The asterisk and quotation marks in the first quote might indicate that the word was then quite new and explained in a footnote.