I generally use the rule of thumb of using who when referring to a person and that when referring to an object. Example:
Jim is someone who makes me smile.
I was nearly knocked out by the ball that hit me.
But what about when we're talking about an organisation?
I am forever indebted to the charities who helped me.
I am forever indebted to the charities that helped me.
The former seems somewhat warmer, if that makes sense, although the latter feels more correct. What should I use? And how about this:
I'm really happy with the insurance company who helped me with my claim.
I can't stand them, they're the insurance company that ripped me off.
To me the former evokes a team of helpful people while the latter evokes a cold heartless corporate entity. Is this just a matter of style and so should go with my instincts, or should I aim for what is 'correct?'
Best Answer
I couldn't find an authoritative source, but I found several items that touched on the question. The basic differential is that "who" refers strictly to people, and "that" can refer only to anything else:
not
Conversely,
and not
The conflict arises here because you're using these companies anthropomorphically - you're happy with them, you're indebted to them. In reality, you're happy with the people AT the companies / charities, not the companies / charities themselves.
So I would go with
or