tvtropes.org might not be the guardians of the English language, but they certainly have plenty of know-how regarding to tropes (such as stereotypes) and have defined or documented much terminology in this area.
They call this inverting a trope, or more precisely a stereotype flip. Stereotypes can be considered a sub-set of tropes (or the other way around).
The only literary technique exhibited there is alliteration, but that is not limited to long-vowel sounds. It refers to similar sounds placed close together. In this case eerie and feeling both have the ee combination, and familiar and feeling both begin with the f sound.
Now, if you are really asking about a term to describe long vowel sounds apart from alliteration, you are asking a question about linguistics, and that is not really the topic of this site.
EDIT
Some have questioned my usage of the term alliteration here. I maintain that it may be used in the broader sense described above. The use of consonance and assonance to refer narrowly to consonant and vowel repetition is a distinction, not a generally restrictive provision. Alliteration can also refer to phonemes with similar properties, anywhere in a word.
When I studied Old English, in which alliteration reigned absolutely, we were taught to consider a line like this one from "Cædmon's Hymn",
He ærest sceop eorþan bearnum
[He erst* shaped [for] earth's bairns**]
as containing alliterative matches in "ærest", "eorþan" and "bearnum": ær, eor, and ear. That means the definition included vowel sounds that were near matches, and also occurred elsewhere than at the beginning of the word.
* First.
** Bairns, meaning children, survives today in the Scottish dialect.
Best Answer
This device, whereby a single word modifies more than one element, each with a different meaning, is called a semantic syllepsis, or zeugma.
However, there isn't an absolute consensus on the definitions, so I recommend consulting the wiki article on zeugma
A similar device, but where the same word is repeated throughout the sentence, is called an antanaclasis.