This is a hard question, and there is a lot of idiom involved.
The cases where you can be reasonably sure that "make" is right is
- when you are creating something:
"make a salad", "make a home", "make
a mess", "make a film".
- when you are causing somebody or
something to do something: "make
somebody listen", "make him stop",
"make the book stay open"
- when you are causing somebody or something to be a certain way: "make him late", "made me happy".
"Do" tends to be more general, and tends not to be used in the cases above (and is rarely used with a direct object except for a word like "job" or "task" - but see below).
"Do" is also used as "pro-verb" in questions and replies, standing for almost all verbs, including "make": "What did you do?" "I made a cake".
But there are many idiomatic cases which are not obviously predictable. We "do" the shopping, the washing ("do the laundry" in the US, I believe), the dishes, the windows (i.e. clean them), our homework, our tax return; but we "make" the bed (i.e. arrange the bedding neatly).
This is a difficult question to answer, because both aches and pains are subjective experiences - like colours - which you're unable to share, but assume everybody understands. I would have assumed that every language has words for both ache and pain, so a dictionary would tell you the difference in an instant. But, I would also assume you've done that, so your native language might not (I'm interested to find out what language that is).
An ache is a persistent discomfort, typically dull so that you can try to ignore it, but sometimes all-encompassing, yet not sharp enough to describe as pain. Your legs would ache after a tough run; you would not describe this as pain. You usually get a headache, not a head pain. You would suffer pain when you cut your finger, then experience an ache as the wound heals.
A pain is something more localised, often (but not always) short-lived, and something you'd be less able to ignore.
When you receive an injection, there is a pain as the needle goes in. During the following days, the surrounding area will ache.
There is considerable overlap between the two, and it would be quite acceptable to say "the ache in my shoulder is painful".
Poets and songwriters quite often speak of their heart aching. This fits well with a persistent sense of yearning or melancholy. If they said there was a pain in their heart, it would suggest a quite different emotion.
Describing pain and discomfort is difficult and subjective; I imagine in any language. When a doctor asks you how much something hurts, how can you explain in a reliable way?
Best Answer
Along with @AlwaysAsking's good answer, I'd like to mention a bit of an idea of formality with regard to see versus view in the specific context requested.
A personal request to see the house will imply that the requester will show the house.
Where as view is more formal and depersonalized.
It has an implication of inspection or examination without a personal level of familiarity. Whether or not the house is being presented/shown by the requester, it still is more formal and detached.