Learn English – the difference in meaning between present simple passive and present perfect passive

This is a difficult area of English for foreign learners, and I’m afraid you’re not going to understand it fully from a few answers here. Very briefly, you use the present perfect continuous form to talk about events in the recent past, particularly activities that have not been completed. The form is often found with the prepositions ‘for’ and ‘since’, as in ‘He’s been speaking for a very long time’ or ‘I’ve been working non-stop since this morning’.

Here are a few examples contrasting the present perfect with the present perfect continuous:

'I’ve done my homework' (it’s finished) / 'I’ve been doing my homework' (it’s not finished)

‘I’ve drunk my coffee' (it’s all gone) / ‘I’ve been drinking my coffee’ (there’s some left)

‘It’s rained every day since the weekend’ (repeated rain) / ‘It’s been raining all day’ (continuous rain)

Your own examples don’t really illustrate the use very well. You wouldn’t say ‘I have learned English language in the past few weeks’, because that suggests you’ve finished your studies and you don’t need to do any more. That’s unrealistic. No one learns English in a few weeks. I think these two examples might show the difference more clearly:

‘I have been studying English for two years’ (I’m still studying it)

'I have studied English, but I don’t speak it very well' (I studied it at some time in the past, but am not studying it any more)

Present perfect continuous, aka present perfect progressive - expresses an action that recently stopped or is still going on. It puts emphasis on the duration or course of the action.

Although it doesn't necessarily imply the action has finished, it very specifically contextualises the "duration or course" of that action relative to the present moment. Often, to indicate that the action has been continuous right up until [about] now, and has either just ended or will end very shortly.

In fact, unless the context or specific verb suggests otherwise, it more commonly implies that the action is still ongoing. Thus for example "I have been living there for years" normally implies you're still living there at the time of speaking.

But we often use this construction when the action has just finished - for example, when answering the telephone you might say "I've [I have] been waiting for you to call". In practice this means exactly the same as "I'd [I had] been waiting for you to call", since the context clearly implies you're no longer waiting.

Sometimes we use it simply to stress continuous action from past through present and on into the future - "I have been doing this all my life, and I'm not going to stop now".

Present perfect continuous (I have been doing sth) can be used whether or not you're still doing it, whereas past perfect continuous (I had been doing sth) always implies you're no longer doing it.