A technical term could be Dysphonia
Dysphonia is the medical term for disorders of the voice: an impairment in the ability to produce voice sounds using the vocal organs (it is distinct from dysarthria which means disorders of speech, that is, an impairment in the ability to produce spoken words). Thus, dysphonia is a phonation disorder. The dysphonic voice can be hoarse or weak, or excessively breathy, harsh, or rough, but some kind of phonation is still possible (contrasted with the more severe aphonia where phonation is impossible).
The other term (if you completely lose your voice) would be Aphonia: the inability to speak.
aphonia: loss of voice and of all but whispered speech.
According to Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 30th ed, resolve is defined as: "to restore to the normal state after some pathologic process."
So in this illustration, resolved means that the pathologic process has been stopped, and the normal state has returned.
Improved means that the pathologic process is no longer progressing and the condition has moved more toward the normal state, but is not there yet (or may never get there).
Reduction is used in its usual sense here: the amount by which something is lessened. In the illustration, it is used for a lessening of a risk (of cardiovascular disease) and of a rate (of mortality).
One thing that is not clear, based on the information provided in your question, is what the percentages are actually percentages of, and why some of them list ranges. (Perhaps the range is because the illustrator is citing data from multiple studies). I would guess that most of the conditions listed as resolved or improved are a percentage of the people who had the condition, who then lost fat and no longer have the condition or the condition is improved. For example, losing fat resolved the obstructive sleep apnea in 74% to 98% of people who had sleep apnea before losing fat. (The flip side is that losing fat did not resolve the apnea in 2% to 26% of people.)
Best Answer
You’re describing visual hallucinations. These are often part of a syndrome termed psychosis but can also occur in other situations (e.g. alcohol withdrawal, intoxication with a variety of substances, delirium due to a medical condition).*
Schizophrenia is the name of a particular psychiatric disease characterized by psychosis. Hallucinations themselves are a symptom, not a disease.
Hallucination:
Psychosis:
*In response to the updated question: Occasionally in healthy people (and more often in those with narcolepsy), visual hallucinations occur at the border between wake and sleep, then termed hypagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations. This is a type of parasomnia and is most common in young people who are sleep deprived.