In the present day, the phrase could be used in a joking way to express disapproval of a newcomer who sets some precedent for change in the social environment.
I would caution, however, that it originated as an expression of resignation and disapproval of racial minorities moving into previously all-white neighborhoods. Key drivers of housing integration in the U.S. include Shelley v. Kraemer, a 1948 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial covenants were unconstitutional; the 1968 Fair Housing Act, which banned discrimination in housing; and court-mandated school desegregation busing which began in the 1970s.
Many in the white majority considered integration undesirable, either because they believed the newcomers would make bad neighbors, or because they believed that white disinclination to live in integrated neighborhoods would mean a decline in property values, and or both. If one minority household moved in, others would soon follow, and the neighborhood, it was said, would go into terminal decline.
This sense of the phrase is far from forgotten. Even if you intend to refer to some other characteristic of a newcomer, it may be interpreted as singling out his or her race, a phenomenon which is the basis for the entire South Park episode “Here Comes the Neighborhood.”
Dictionaries
The Shorter Slang Dictionary (1994) says:
hate (sb's) guts to dislike (sb) intensely. Adopted from the USA around 1937.
The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2008) says:
guts noun 1 the stomach; the general area of the stomach and intestines. Standard English from late C14; slipped into unconventional usage early in C19 UK, 1393. 2 the essentials, the important part, the inner and real meaning UK, 1663.
And:
hate someone's guts to hate someone intensely UK, 1918
The Historical Dictionary of American Slang has a similar "I hate his intestines" from 1901, and according to chief editor Jonathan Lighter: "Guts being regarded in that far-off age as rather vulgar."
Antedating
I found a 1913 (and possibly 1912) antedating. Within The Law was a Broadway production in 1912, written by Bayard Veiller. Here's an extract from the 1913 book based on the play (plain text / full view) "by Marvin Dana from the play of Bayard Veiller":
"Was there any bad feeling between you and Eddie
Griggs?"
Garson's reply was explicit.
"Never till that very minute. Then, I learned the
truth about what he'd framed up with you." The speaker's
voice reverted to its former fierceness in recollection,
of the treachery of one whom he had trusted.
"He was a stool-pigeon, and I hated his guts! That's
all," he concluded, with brutal candor.
The same line appears in 1917 books of the script, and I expect it was also in the original production which was first performed at Eltinge Theatre, New York, September 11th 1912.
Via ADS-L is a 1911 found by Garson O'Toole:
[ref] 1911 June 3, Seattle Daily Times, Stenographic Report of Today's Testimony, Quote Page 8, Column 6, Seattle, Washington.(GenealogyBank)[/ref]
[Begin excerpt] You further said: "I hope I may never see my mother alive if I ever gave the ---- a cent. I never had use for him, and I hate his guts." [End excerpt]
(The dashes above represent a single long dash.)
Best Answer
The expression to have someone's guts for garters is very old, "and it may well have had a literal meaning as it originated in the Middle Ages, when disembowelment was used in the UK for torture and execution" as suggested by the Phrase Finder. Probably, as suggested by the World Wide Words, the use of alliteration and the use of similar phrases helped the saying become more popular in recent decades