What are the differences between the following and when do we use them?
There is still work to be done.
The work has to be done.
The work is to be done.
Best Answer
Number 1 isn't a complete sentence, it's a noun phrase. It refers to work. What work? The work that is to be done. At the start of a project, somebody might observe that there's a lot of work to be done
Number 2 is a sentence that states an obligation. There is work to be done, and somebody has got to do it.
Number 3 is a sentence about intent (although it's unlikely to stand alone). It is pretty much equivalent to "work will be done". "We have almost finished the roof. Further work is to be done on Monday."
Done is used as the past participle in combination with have, obviously, but done is also used as an adjective meaning "carried out, completed, or treated in a particular way: her hunting days were done" (Webster's); as such, either statement is correct depending on the context. Usually, "I have done" would require an object (done what, precisely?) and "I am done" would signify that one was finished with, say, a task. At least in the U.S., a person would be much more likely to say "I'm done" to indicate the conclusion of an activity like homework or chores, and so on.
There is a subtle difference. To my ear "Are you still working there?" is the more aggressive and challenging form, as in "Jeez, why are you staying at that crappy job?"
"Do you still work there?" sounds more neutral, as in "Hey, I haven't seen you since I left company x. Do you still hang out with those people?"
That might be because ARE YOU can be an auxiliary verb, which helps puts focus on the person addressed. DO YOU relies on a verb and the energy of the sentence is directed away from the person addressed, which I think sounds more polite.
Best Answer
Number 1 isn't a complete sentence, it's a noun phrase. It refers to work. What work? The work that is to be done. At the start of a project, somebody might observe that there's a lot of work to be done
Number 2 is a sentence that states an obligation. There is work to be done, and somebody has got to do it.
Number 3 is a sentence about intent (although it's unlikely to stand alone). It is pretty much equivalent to "work will be done". "We have almost finished the roof. Further work is to be done on Monday."