Learn English – Visit us at (the) booth 24, (the) room 56 etc. It’s wrong, but why

You are right; but there is no general rule. Each verb has its own rule; the technical term is that each verb “licenses” complements of specific types. Refuse and decline, for instance, license either nouns or infinitives, but not gerunds:

I refuse dinner. I refuse to run. but not ^✲I refuse dining.
I decline the honor. I decline to run. but not ^✲I decline accepting.

Like, on the other hand, licenses all three:

I like Jim. I like running. I like to run.

Some verbs license multiple arguments, of different sorts or the same sort:

I made him a martini. I made him angry. I made him work.

In this case, the verb has different meanings with different arguments.

You just have to learn what arguments each verb takes, just as you learn which of your friends drink beer and which whiskey (or whisky) and which only water.

Too... to... is a structure which implies a negative. meaning I was too surprise (I can not say anything). hope this help.