"Tige" was apparently a popular name for American pet dogs even before Buster Brown (1902). I just ran across the same name in chapter 32 of Huckleberry Finn (1884):
"Begone you Tige! you Spot! begone sah!"
All other dog-names I can think of have relatively transparent meanings: "Fido" for "loyal", "Rex" for "king", "Spot" for… well, "spotted". But I have no idea what "Tige" means, or even how to pronounce it! Can someone point to an authoritative source on the subject?
I know that tige is a French word meaning "stem" (cognate with Latin tibia); it's pronounced /tiʒ/ "teezh". But I can't imagine how the dog-name would be related to the French word.
I also know that many people on the Internet assume that it's some colloquial shortening of "Tiger", so they would presumably pronounce it /ˈtīɡə/ or maybe /ˈtīɡ/. But are there any examples of dogs actually being named "Tiger", let alone a shortened version of "Tiger"?
I found a TV commercial for Buster Brown Shoes whose jingle pronounces it /ˈtīɡ/; that's pretty authoritative on the pronunciation (at least if the pronunciation didn't change between 1884 and 1950-something), but it doesn't say anything on the etymology.
And speaking of dates: Given that Buster Brown didn't originate the name "Tige", how far back does the name go? Any examples from the first half of the 19th century? from the 18th century? from countries other than the United States?
Best Answer
I believe "Tige" is indeed a shortening of Tiger, and would be pronounced like tide with a hard g in place of the d.
From a story in the Atlantic Monthly published in 1860, apparently by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr (father of the famous American jurist by the same name):
Apparently, a yellow/yaller dog was a term for the breed now known as a Carolina dog (see Wiktionary and also this well-documented discussion).
However, I suspect that Tiger nn Tige was probably a name given to any yellowish or orange-y or otherwise tiger-like dogs (for example, if they were particularly large or ferocious). Buster Brown's Tige was an orange-brown; he is apparently commonly believed to have been a pit-bull, and was portrayed that way in film shorts (you can see the shorts in this blog post).
Looking at Ngram, Tiger/Tige seems to have come into vogue as a dog name sometime around the time that Holmes wrote his story, but I don't believe he originated it.
There is an 1837 story by Edgar Allen Poe with a dog named Tiger (in that case a Newfoundland, which are large but not yellow), an 1847 story that mentions a "little yellow dog, Tiger," and the earliest example I can actually see any part of is from 1791 (combining snippets):
which suggests the ferociousness aspect.
Interestingly, an 1857 novel by Francis Butler entitled The Life and Adventures of the Celebrated Dog Tiger features a bull-dog/fox terrier mix (who himself narrates the book) who is apparently known for NOT being yellow, deplores the quarrelsome reputation of bull-dogs, and leaves it to the reader to determine "[h]ow far [he] may have merited this ferocious title".
Some of these sources might have been influential, but they look as if they are following a pet-naming trend, rather than setting one (particularly those that appear to be relating stories from real life), so it's hard to say whether there was a particular "source" for this name or whether it spontaneously occurred to various individuals as a good dog name.
For a more recent example of a dog named Tiger, see the Brady Bunch dog, who was tawny and largish.
**Edited to clarify the first sentence. **Edited again to add, as requested:
As suggested by @niallhaslam, Tige used for contemporary dogs may be an Anglicization for the Gaelic given name Tadhg. This was the name of a medieval Irish king. See Behind the Name for more details. Its diminutive form, Anglicized as Teagan, might be more familiar to (American) English speakers.
However, it is unlikely that this derivation accounts for the bulk of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century pets called Tige, because giving animals "people" names is a relatively new innovation. This article by Stanley Brandes offers fairly compelling evidence for this anecdotally-observed phenomenon (since pet names aren't centrally registered the way human names are).
On further investigation, one possibility that would make the Tadhg theory somewhat more likely, at least for some dogs Tige: the Anglicization "Taig" has apparently been used as both a term of ethnic pride by Irish Catholics and a racial slur by British Protestants referring to those same Irish Catholics (see Wikipedia's entry on Tadhg).
Dogs who are looked down upon (e.g. "cur dogs"—thanks for the phrase, @Sven Yargs) are often evoked in slurs (in fact, the poem cited in the Wikipedia article on Tadgh explicitly contrasts "Cromwellian dog" with the "Popish rogue" who eventually identifies himself as "Taig"), so it would make sense that naming of those dogs could flow the other way. Thus this connotation of the sound "tige" (hard g) might have influenced some instances of dog naming. In that case, I would expect Tige to be most popular as a dog name in areas with a significant anti-Irish Catholic sentiment/population, and significantly less common as a name for dogs owned by Irish Catholics in that era. Unfortunately, the data available to me is not detailed enough to properly draw or refute this hypothesis.
Related question: When did we start naming our dogs Rover, and Why? (which handily also addresses "Fido").