Learn English – What do you call a person who has the ability to question and is curious about right things

The American Heritage Dictionary offers at least an informal sense of refusenik as

2. Informal A person who refuses to do something.

The great literary exemplar is the title character in Herman Melville’s short story “Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street.”

Your person is meticulous.

The Latin root of meticulous is metus, which means "fear," so it's easy to see how eventually meticulous got its meaning. Someone who's meticulous is afraid of what will happen if they're not careful enough to get every detail right.

source: vocabulary.com