There's this quote from Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, about brain augmentation, that's been bothering me:
I think, and my thoughts cross the barrier into the synapses of the
machine – just as the good doctor intended. But what I cannot shake,
and what hints at things to come, is that thoughts cross back. In my
dreams the sensibility of the machine invades the periphery of my
consciousness. Dark. Rigid. Cold. Alien. Evolution is at work here,
but just what is evolving remains to be seen.
Then I heard it used as good nurse in an Hercule Poirot episode:
— And then— then I wake up and I recalled something.
— What?
— Oh, it is but a detail – in fact, it is half a detail, one twentieth of a
detail, but yes, my friend, it worries me.Something nurse Hopkins said, concerning Mary.
— What about her?
— Yes, what about her? What is behind her?
— You are not making sense.
— Then suddenly I see there's something that the good nurse Hopkins, she does not wish me to know.
Something she thinks has no bearing on the crime, but I believe that
it may. But surely she would realise that.Non. My dear doctor, nurse Hopkins is a woman of high intelligence, within
her limitations.But her intellect is hardly equal with that of mine.
There's also a 2011 film by the name, and a 2013 Korean medical drama which pollute the search results.
What does the phrase mean? Where does it come from?
Best Answer
Wikipedia states on a disambiguation page that "the good doctor" is "a cliché referring to any physician." However, the earliest link on that page is to the Wikipedia article on Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709–1784)—while the earliest occurrence of "the good doctor" in a Google Books search is from almost a century before Johnson's birth. A biography of Thomas Fuller (1608–1661) attached to a three-volume set of his works dated 1662, refers to Fuller as "the good doctor" more than a dozen times, but it seems have been written sometime in the 1800s.
The Google Books search results for "the good doctor" show six matches between 1620 and 1700, distributed across the years 1620, 1655, 1658, 1662, 1687, and 1693. Here are the details of those earliest matches. From Samuel Hieron, "The Preachers Plea," in The Sermons of Master Samuel Hieron (1620):
[[Update, December 7, 2021: Hieron evidently published this text in 1604 as The Preachers Plea: or, A Treatise in Forme of a Plain Dialogue Making Known the Worth and Necessary Vse of Preaching, and in that version of the text, a note identifies the good doctor as St. Cyprian.]]
From John Sargeant, Schism Disarm'd of the Defensive Weapons, Lent It by Doctor Hammond, and the Bishop of Derby (1655):
The interesting thing here is that "the good doctor" is already being used sarcastically to describe, with exaggerated politeness, an enemy, Dr. Henry Hammond (1605–1660).
From William Sanderson, A Compleat History of the Life and Raigne of King Charles (1658), referring to events of August 1644 involving the siege of Hereford and its garrison commander Sir Barnabas Scudamore:
This being a sympathetic account of Scudamore's defense, it seems reasonable to take the characterization "the good doctor" here at face value.
From John Fell, The Life of the Most Learned, Reverend and Pious Dr. H. Hammond, second edition (1662):
This is one of eight instances of "the good Doctor" that Fell uses in the course of this book; Hammond is, of course, the same person whom John Sergeant ridicules as "the good doctor" in 1655. Since the first edition of Fell's work was published in 1661, five years after Sergeant's effort, it may be that "the good doctor" was a sobriquet applied to Hammond by his friends and admirers.
From Thomas Tenison's 1688 translation of Jean La Placette, Of the Incurable Scepticism of the Church of Rome:
From Stephen Nye, Considerations on the Explications of the Doctrine of the Trinity (1693):
Conclusions
All six of the earliest matches for "the good doctor" in Google Books search results appear to involve doctors of divinity, most of them (naturally enough) in the context of religious disputes. It doesn't seem to great a stretch to imagine the phrase "the good doctor" being associated in the first instance with religious figures like Thomas Fuller and Henry Hammond, and then with scholars like Samuel Johnson, and finally with physicians and scientists like the heroes of Dr. Doolittle and Dr. Who.
Update (December 7, 2021): Instances of the phrase from before 1620
My original answer did not include instances from Early English Books Online. so I have revisited it to included very early matches for "the good doctor" from an EEBO search. The search returns eleven unique matches, ten of which I reproduce here, starting with Jacobus de Gruytrode, The Mirroure of Golde for the Synfull Soule (1506):
De Gruytrode thus identifies two saints—Ambrose and Anselm—separately as "the good doctor."
From Johannes Carion, The Thre Bokes of Cronicles, Whyche Iohn Carion (a Man Syngularly Well Sene in the Mathematycall Sciences) Gathered Wyth Great Diligence of the Beste Authours That Haue Written in Hebrue, Greke or Latine (1550):
The key sentence here seems to appear as a side note or marginal subhead in the text, and "the good doctor" appears to be a reference to John Diasy, who is described earlier as "learned in the Latin, Greke and Hebrue tongues." Alphonse Diasy, who hired the murderer to assassinate his brother, is identified as "a Doctour of the lawe and at Rome in hygh office, a seruaunt of the Pope, and an enemy to the Gospell of Christe"—and so is clearly not a "good doctor."
From a 1566(?) translation of Pierre Boaistuau, Theatrum Mundi the Theatre or Rule of the World:
Here, again "the good doctor is a saint—in this case, St. Bernard.
From a 1575 translation of Jean d'Albin de Valsergues, A Notable Discourse, Plainelye and Truely Discussing, Who Are the Right Ministers of the Catholike Church Written Against Calvin and His Disciples, ...:
The good doctor here is once again St. Cyprian.
From a 1577 translation of Guy de Brès, The Staffe of Christian Faith Profitable to All Christians, for to Arme Themselues Agaynst the Enimies of the Gospell:
The "good doctor" in this case is St. Epiphanius of Salamis.
From a 1583 translation of Pietro Martire Vermigli, The Common Places of the Most Famous and Renowmed Diuine Doctor Peter Martyr:
St. Augustine is evidently the good doctor in this instance.
From Master Broughtons Letters, Especially his Last Pamphlet to and Against the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, about Sheol and Hades, for the Descent into Hell, Answered in Their Kind (1599):
The good doctor is Hadrian à Saravia, a Dutch Calvinist who translated the first twelve books of the Old Testament in the King James Version of the Bible.
From a 1600 translation of Cypriano de Valera, Two Treatises the First, of the Liues of the Popes, and Their Doctrine; the Second, of the Masse:
I don't know who this Egidius is, although it might be Aegidius [Giles] of Viterbo, a reformist cardinal who died in 1532—but de Valera says that Mexia's perseccution of Egidius occurred "about the yeer 1550," so the timing is quite iffy.
From Hugh Broughton, A Defence of the Booke Entitled A Co[n]cent of Scripture for Amendment of Former Atheian Most Grosse, and Iudaique Errours, Which Our Translations and Notes Had: Against the Libel, Scoffing a Scottish Mist ... (1609):
This is the same Hugh Broughton whom we met in 1599. He refers to Richard Bancroft first as "D. [that is, Doctor] Bancroft" and subsequently—and with utter contempt—as "the good Doctor." This marks the first instance I've been able to find of sarcastic use of "the good doctor," and it comes 46 years before the instance from John Sargeant noted in my original answer.
From Humphrey Leech, A Triumph of Truth: Or Declaration of the Doctrine Concerning Euangelicall Counsayles (1609):
Dr. Kilby was, according to both sides in this controversy over allegedly heretical views, "a very graue, & learned Doctor in that Vniversity," "that excellent patterne of learning, life, and governement Doctor Kilby" "this graue and worthy Doctor," "the venerable Docotor," "the Reverend Doctor" etc., so clearly the attribution "the good Doctour" in this case is sincere.
Further conclusions
Five of the earliest six published works in the EEBO database that mention "the good doctor" use the expression in reference to a saint, suggesting that a strong connection may have existed early in the life of "the good doctor" in English between that phrase and the notion of a learned saint.
I should note, however, that several additional sixteenth-century texts use the plural form "the good doctors," usually in reference to the early (or not-so-early fathers) of the Catholic Church. Taken together, the evidence for "the good doctor" originating as an appellation for a saint is not overwhelming, but the use of it to refer to a learned and venerable religious figure is very strong.
Thios makes the sarcastic use of "the good doctor"—from as early as 1609—quite striking, and indeed almost shocking, given the uniformly pious use of the expression in previous publications.