Learn English – What’s the difference between “arguable” and “debatable”

"Hence" means "from here". "Get thee hence!" is old English for "get out of here". "Henceforwards" is "from this time on".

"Thus" means "in this way". In older English, you might say "he opened the door thus", while demonstrating the action.

In logical senses, you can use them in similar contexts. "If x is true, then y is true. X is true. Hence, y is also true." "If x is true, then y is true. I have proved x is true. Thus, I have proved y to be true also."

Think of them as "based on this fact" and "in this way" and you can't go far wrong.

Weltanschauung is used as an English word, from the German because the English worldview is too vague and not comprehensive enough. (For anschauen = to look at, rather with the meaning "to take a good look at", for schau = to show, display, as opposed to blicken = to look, or aussehen from sehen = to see).

Primarily it means a way a person looks at the phenomenon of life as a whole. Some people (particularly those who have not lived very long) have not formed any broad (inclusive, even "sophisticated") view of life. Others consider a large number of factors before forming their overall view — maybe in their seventies — of the phenomenon of human existence. Typically a person's Weltanschauung (as an English word we drop the capital letter required of all German nouns) would include a person's philosophic, moral, and religious conclusions — including e.g. the duality of spirit and matter — and perhaps their conclusions about the origins of the universe and of the development of life. They would also have conclusions about the state, society, politics and economic activity. I suggest def. "A person's conclusions about existence (however tentative) at a particular time of life, after taking a good look at everything they have come across about". What do the German philologists say about my amateur offering?