Learn English – What’s the difference between “get up” and “stand up”

This is a difficult question to answer, mostly because there are so many words in the spectrum. Trying to draw out some key points:

• The scale is one-dimensional, and there are multiple dimensions to consider: truthfulness/deception; good/evil intent; pure information content; clarity of information. I believe the scale makes most sense if you look at it as rating the words on "how much information you receive": vague is very close to the bottom, but does not necessarily imply deception or ill intent.

• That said, of course a lot of the words have connotations besides their position on the scale - simply assigning an "information content percentage" to each one would not tell the full story of their meaning. For instance, sly and slippery have a connotation of wishing to deceive for nefarious purposes: if I avoided answering someone's questions because I didn't want to spoil the surprise of a present they were going to receive, that could certainly be called evasive, but it would be unlikely to be described as sly or slippery; similarly, someone's answer can be "concise" without being "to the point" - if it's brief but doesn't address the issue.

• With many of these words, there is a difference between applying them to a person about their character in general, and applying them to their response (or otherwise) to a specific question. For instance, saying "John is quiet." is neither positive nor negative - it just means he doesn't tend to make a lot of noise; whereas "John is quiet on this matter." starts to sound as if he may be being deliberately evasive, and hence is slightly negative.

• The word taciturn falls into this category - applied generally I'd say it's fairly neutral, but applied about a specific topic it implies more evasiveness than quiet. But all of these words appear at the middle of the scale, with mostly neutral words between (except for uncommunicative, which to my mind falls somewhat lower down the scale), so there's not necessarily anything wrong here.

• I would also place upfront into this category: saying "Bob was upfront about this matter" simply means he made an effort to inform us about it / did not attempt to hide anything; however saying "Bob is an upfront kinda guy" would suggest that he expresses all feelings and opinions forthrightly all the time, even without invitation - which might well qualify for placing above frank.

• Similarly some of the words apply to the person, and some to their response (the prime example here being short and sweet, which if applied to a person would describe their height and looks rather than how talkative they are!); on the other hand one would rarely say "his answer was silent".

• On top of all that, I'd say that any attempt like this to rank words along a continuum is always going to be approximate, unless the words have precise, technical definitions that allow it. Therefore the diagram should be taken with a pinch of salt - just because one word is a little higher or lower than another doesn't necessarily imply it is stronger or weaker (or even appropriate) in all contexts.

So, with all of those qualifications (and there are a lot!) - I'd say that the classification is a reasonable guideline, in that each word listed can be used in a way that justifies its position on the scale, though many can also be used in ways that contradict it. But it would be good if it had been published with some of these caveats alongside it :-)

First and foremost, the words constitution and structure are considered synonyms.

That being said, I would use them slightly differently in my own speech and writings. I would choose the word constitution when talking about what something is made of, while I would use structure to talk about how it was made. This may be a difference from others, or a regional distinction. The definition of structure supports my own definition; the word structure is used to describe:

mode of building, construction, or organization; arrangement of parts, elements, or constituents

Likewise, the two main definitions of constitution are as follows:

1. the way in which a thing is composed or made up; makeup; composition
2. the physical character of the body as to strength, health, etc.

Therefore, I would conclude that both constitution and structure can be used to describe how something is made. Structure tends to refer more to the arrangement of the entities the object is composed of, while constitution refers to the identity of the entities themselves.