I'm not entirely sure if the idiom should be "bubble gum and shoe strings" or "bubble gum and matchsticks"; however from the context it looks like it refers to a cheaply done repair job, which may be related to "a shoe string budget".
Learn English – What’s the origin of the phrase “bubble gum and shoe strings”
etymologyidioms
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Best Answer
There are different versions such as “string and chewing-gum ” or “bubblegum and shoelaces”. The origin is probably just from common sense knowledge of two items that suggest a precarious and unreliable solution.
(carpathianpeasant.wordpress.com)
An early usage example is from 1924 as suggested by user Gregor Y:
Fom The Northeastern Reporter, Volume 140
From The Address of Mr. Hachiro Arita, Minister for Foreign Affairs, at the 70th Session of the Imperial Diet, January 21, 1937