What is the origin of the word badass? Why a "bad" ass/"bad" + "ass"? What is an ass that is bad and how can an ass that is bad describe a tough person?
Learn English – Where does the slang word “bad” + “ass” (badass) come from
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Best Answer
The earliest bad-ass
According the Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang (1994), the word bad-ass is attested first as an adjective (1955), then as a noun (1956), and then as a verb (1974–1977). Here are the main entry and the three earliest occurrences identified for the adjective form:
The same dictionary cites a 1971 article in Playboy magazine quoting the liner notes of Bo Diddley's most recent LP, which describe him as "the most outrageous bad-assed guitar man alive."
RHHDAS's entry for the noun form of the word starts this way:
And for the verb:
It's interesting that both the earliest adjective citation and the earliest noun citation emphasize the sarcasm implicit in the usage. To get a sense of where the construction came from, however, we need to look at the entire -ass family as it existed in the 1950s and 1960s.
Members of the mid-20th-century -ass family
Today various slang terms have -ass tacked onto their rear ends—and a surprisingly large number of them arose by the end of the 1950s. Here is a rundown of some of the more prominent members of this family, with first cited occurrence in the Random House Dictionary of Historical American Slang or in Chapman & Kipfer, Dictionary of American Slang, third edition (1995), and the first fairly reliable relevant Google Books match.
bad ass Earliest cited occurrence in RHHDAS: 1955 (adj.), 1956 (n.). Earliest relevant Google Books match: John Oliver Killens, Youngblood (1954) [combined snippets]:
Earliest relevant Google Books match for bad-assed: George Garrett, Which Ones Are the Enemy? (1961) [combined snippets]:
big-ass Earliest cited occurrence in RHHDAS: 1945 (adj.), 1963–1964 (n.). Earliest relevant Google Books match: Thomas Williams, Town Burning (1959) [combined snippets]:
Earliest relevant Google Books match for big-assed: Irwin Shaw, The Young Lions (1948) [combined snippets]:
candy-ass Earliest cited occurrence in RHHDAS: 1952 [actually 1953, referring to 1942 usage] (adj.). 1966 (n.). Earliest relevant Google Books match: Leon Uris, Battle Cry (1953) [snippet]:
crazy-ass Not cited in RHHDAS or DAS: Earliest relevant Google Books match: Thomas Phillips, Kangaroo Hollow (1954) [combined snippets]:
dumb-ass Earliest cited occurrence in RHHDAS: 1957 (adj.), 1958 (n.). Earliest relevant Google Books match:John Oliver Killens, And Then We Heard the Thunder (1962) [snippet]:
half-ass Earliest cited occurrence in RHHDAS: 1863 (adj.), 1929–1933 (adv.), 1929–1933 (n). Earliest relevant Google Books match: Joseph Freeman, An American Testament (1936) [combined snippets]:
Earliest relevant Google Books match for half-assed: Travis Ingham, Young Gentlemen, Rise (1935) [combined snippets]:
jive-ass Earliest cited occurrence in RHHDAS: 1967 (adj.). Earliest relevant Google Books match (one of many in 1969, actually): Esquire, volume 72 (1969) [combined snippets]:
lazy-ass Not cited in RHHDAS or DAS. Earliest relevant Google Books match: Glenn Ross, The Last Campaign (1962) [combined snippets]:
smart-ass Earliest cited occurrence in DAS: "By 1960." Earliest relevant Google Books match: Leon Wilson, Sinners Come Away (1949) [combined snippets]:
Earliest relevant Google Books match for smart-assed: Ed McBain, The Mugger (1956) [combined snippets]:
Are the asses biblical donkeys or mammalian posteriors?
The upsurge in -ass compounds in the 1950s follows some crucial precedents. First, both half-ass (by 1936) and half-assed (by 1935) were established forms; and second, so were big-ass (1945, according to RHHDAS) and big-assed (1948). Another form already in place was smart-ass (1949).
There are strong reasons to suppose that half-ass arose originally in reference to the mule (half-ass and half-horse), but it's harder to argue that everyone in 1950 was on board with this etymology. After all, if "mule" were the idea in all writers' and speakers' minds, why would any of them express the adjective as half-assed instead of as half-ass (or maybe half-asinine)?
In my view, the more plausible explanation is that when the flood of -asses inundated the language in the 1950s and 1960s, English speakers were already divided on the question of what the -ass referred to in any particular case. As a result, we often see both -ass and -assed forms—and even within the -ass segment of speakers and writers, the association with hooved beasts of burden is far from unanimous.