My question is that in the sentence:
The thief opened the door with the duplicate key.
Why can't I use by in place of with?
by-withprepositionsword-choice
My question is that in the sentence:
The thief opened the door with the duplicate key.
Why can't I use by in place of with?
Best Answer
Doubtless as a result of historical changes in meaning and ellipsis, the meanings of prepositions in specific modern-day expressions are legion, often etically unpredictable, and not infrequently apparently illogical. There are broad rules, but they are very broad, and exceptions are many. Avoidance of ambiguity is desirable, but not always achieved: even 'The thief opened the door with the duplicate key.' is ambiguous (instrument (= using), or identification (= which had) of the door?)
David Thatcher, in Saving our Prepositions, writes [re-formatted]:
That the distinction is not universally made is shown by examples such as
and
both showing instrumentality.
But in OP's example, 'with' is the accepted choice. This is probably strongly connected with the fact that 'key' is concrete whereas 'by hand', 'by long division' ... show methods (long division being abstract, and hand in this expression intermediate).