Italians often get confused by sensible and sensitive. If I tell them
He's a sensible boy; he studies hard, saves his money, and plans ahead.
They are quite bewildered. To them, sensible is indistinguishable from the Italian "sensibile" which means impressionable, easily moved to tears and sentimental.
È un ragazzo sensibile = He's a sensitive boy/young man
Online Etymology Dictionary states that originally, sensible meant
late 14c., "capable of sensation or feeling;" also "capable of being
sensed or felt, perceptible to the senses," hence "easily understood;
logical, reasonable," from Late Latin sensibilis "having feeling,
perceptible by the senses," from sensus, past participle of sentire
"perceive, feel"
Then sometime in the early 15th century, the meaning of sensible evolved to:
"having good sense, capable of reasoning, discerning, clever,"
mid-15c. Of clothes, shoes, etc., "practical rather than fashionable"
it is attested from 1855.
Meanwhile the word, sensitive with its more modern interpretation (as far as I could tell) has origins in the early 19th century
sensitive(adj) Meaning "easily affected" (with reference to mental feelings) first
recorded 1816; meaning "having intense physical sensation" is from
1849.
Etymonline
Why did this shift occur? The original Latin term, sensibilis, and consequently sensible, could have continued meaning “capable of sensation and feeling” and “to perceive” i.e., to achieve understanding of; apprehend. What happened in the 15th century that wise, common sense and sound judgement replaced the original meaning of sensible?
I am bored of telling Italian students and friends that sensible is a false friend. Is there a better explanation?
Or am I to suppose that it is William Shakespeare's fault (or merit) again?!
Best Answer
The English meaning of the word sensible seems to stem from a medieval theory of mind.
The word sensible is an adjective which in the 19th century had two different meanings, related to the two different nouns sense and sensibility:
The adjective sensible connected with the noun sensibility had essentially the same meaning as the Italian word sensibile; this meaning is now nearly obsolete.
These two meanings both stem from the original meaning of the noun sense:
How did sense evolve from meaning 1 to also encompass meaning 3? This seems to be related to the medieval theory of mind. From the OED, we have (with a first citation from 1398)
One of the citations they give is from Richard Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy (ca. 1630). This book lists five outward senses: sight, hearing, smelling, taste, and touching; and three inner senses: common sense, phantasie or imagination, and memory. It gives the following fairly clear explanation of common sense:
This original meaning of common sense has now evolved to what we call sense, and gave rise to current meaning of sensible.