The definition of a fishwife is tied to both of the definitions you listed. Wikipedia's article on the fishwife explains that:
A fishwife or fish fag is a woman who sells fish.... Fish women were notoriously loud and foul-mouthed as in the expression, To swear like a fishwife. One reason for their outspokenness is that their wares were highly perishable and so lost value if not sold quickly.
Unlike its common usage today, wife meant any woman, not just a married one. Some words still retain this meaning:
This usage stems from Old English wif (woman) and is akin to the German weib, also meaning "woman". This sense of the word is still used in Modern English in constructions such as midwife and old wives' tale.
So historically, a fishwife was just a woman who sold fish. Over time, since fishwives were often "loud and foul-mouthed," their job title became synonymous with your definition of "a bad-tempered woman with a loud voice."
Interestingly, fishwives have had different reputations in different areas. In Billingsgate, there were "the wives of Billingsgate" who:
dressed in strong 'stuff' gowns and quilted petticoats; their hair, caps and bonnets were flattened into one indistinguishable mass upon their heads. ... They smoked small pipes of tobacco, took snuff, drank gin and were known for their colourful language.
On the other hand, the fishwives of Newhaven, Scotland were:
noted for their beauty and industry, and celebrated by royalty.
This one’s complicated in a fun way, according to the history related by Merriam-Webster. A word for a small garden snail came to be used for small, stout-bodied men (especially in a scornful way) and for small, stout-bodied birds, and mutated considerably as it traveled over time.
In the beginning, there was dodman. We don’t know its origin, but it meant, and in some locales still means, a snail. (See more at Wikipedia.) This was altered to
hodmadod, “snail” or “snail shell”, which acquired a secondary meaning of “deformed or clumsy person” or “scarecrow”. This in turn altered to
hoddy-doddy, also meaning “garden snail” or “snail shell”, and additionally used to mean “short and stout person”, “henpecked man”, “cuckold”, and “fool, blockhead, simpleton”. Then, much like the compounds “lamebrain” and “blockhead”,
hoddypoll began to be seen. From hoddy-doddy + poll (head), it meant “fumbling inept person” or “cuckold”, but apparently also preserved the original sense of small and stout-bodied: it was shortened and altered by way of noddypoll to
noddy as early as 1530, meaning “stupid person” but also a kind of stout-bodied tern, which brings us to
tomnoddy, from Tom (nickname for Thomas) + noddy, meaning “fool, dunce, noddy” but in Scotland also a kind of Atlantic puffin. It is like calling someone Jack Pumpkinhead or Joe Cool.
When Tolkien uses it
Old Tomnoddy, all big body,
Old Tomnoddy can’t spy me!
it is clear he is using it in both its sense of “stout-bodied” as well “inept” or “stupid”.
Best Answer
The 1935 definition in Albin Jay Pollock's The Underworld Speaks (apparently published by the FBI to help people spot gangsters by their speech) is:
This may be alluding to bent, the shape of a banana.
Bent is 1914 US criminal slang meaning dishonest or crooked, and 1930 US slang meaning illegal or stolen.
The eccentric, perverted or homosexual meaning of bent may be originally UK slang; it appears in 1930 in Brophy and Partridge's Songs and slang of the British soldier: 1914-1918 meaning spoiled or ruined. It soon after appears in 1942's The American thesaurus of slang: a complete reference book of colloquial speech in the definition for eccentric: "Balmy, bats, bent, [etc.]".
Another 1833 US slang meaning of bent is to intoxicated with alcohol or drugs.
The 1935 bananas is in brackets in the OED, so they're not convinced it is the same meaning.
Etymonline says the crazy meaning is much later: 1968. This year matches with the OED's third quotation from the University of South Dakota's Current Slang:
The OED's second quotation is from a 1956 Ohio newspaper caption:
But it's hard to gauge the exact meaning without seeing the picture.
Edit: I found a possible example of crazy bananas earlier than 1968 in The Spokesman-Review (Jun 22, 1962):
This Ngram suggests this meaning really took off in the early seventies:
Turning to slang dictionaries, The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms (1997) says of go bananas:
However, The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2007) says bananas (madly excited; mad; behaving oddly) is from 1957 and derives from banana oil (nonsense; persuasive talk) from 1924.
Contemporary synonyms are horsefeathers and appleseauce. The origins of banana oil are also unknown, but The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms (1997) says it's possibly variation on snake oil (quack medicine) extended to mean nonsense.
Edit 2: Green's Dictionary of Slang Online has the noun back to 1957:
With * go bananas* from 1964 and drive bananas from 1975.