If one does not pull any punches, he speaks bluntly.
Why is this idiom phrased this way?
Is it because the motion of a punch, i.e., to speak bluntly, can be described as a push, which is the opposite of a pull, and thus to pull a punch would be to minimize the impact of the punch, i.e., to not speak bluntly?
What is the origination of this phrase?
Best Answer
From Christine Ammer, The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms (1994):
From Robert Chapman & Barbara Kipfer, Dictionary of American Slang (1995):
I found instances of the idiom going back to 1915 (in Google Books search results) and to 1909 (in Library of Congress Chronicling America search results), but the sense of "pulling" as meaning "holding back from throwing (a punch) at full force" is already in place in those earliest examples.
Early Google Books matches
The earliest match for an allied phrase in Google Books search results is from Charles Van Loan, “Too Much Pepper,” in Everybody’s Magazine (June 1915):
From H. C. Witwer, “Your Girl and Mine,” in The American Magazine (September 1917):
The first matches for the phrase “pulled his punches” is from Frank Condon, “Punch and Julie,” in Collier’s (August 6, 1921):
From William Hamilton, The Stock Market Barometer (1922):
From Everybody’s Magazine, volume 49 (1923) [combined snippets]:
The first five instances of "pulling punches" work out this way: one unrefereed melee, one proposed training regimen, one instance of fake fighting for a film, one metaphorical use of "pulling punches" in connection with editorial writing, and one instance of a boxing match in which a fighter's hands were "busted." Somewhat surprisingly, not one of these instances involves throwing a prize fight. In any case, the reasons why a person might legitimately want to pull punches (actually or metaphorically) are more numerous than you might initially expect.
Earlier newspaper use of the term
The Library of Congress’s database of historical U.S. newspapers turns up some even earlier instances of pulling punches, going back to early 1909. One of the earliest instances is from “James M’Sherry Makes Debut as Coming Champion,” in the [New York] Evening World (January 16, 1909):
MacSherry was the boxing instructor at Yale. An article in the Salt Lake [City] Herald (February 19, 1909) offers the provocative headline “Teachers Make Poor Fighters: Boxing Instructor Seem Unable to Deliver a Strong Punch” and then quotes the [New York] Evening World at some length on the problem of pulling punches:
From Max Balthasar, “Papke Is Out of the Ring Now,” in the Salem [Oregon] Capital Journal (May 20, 1910):
This last account is especially interesting because it describes "pulling punches" in the context of a fixed fight—and the crowd's reaction to it.