Learn English – Word for a Bad Tradition

I'm not sure OP's two specific examples are particularly good ones, but it seems to me what we're talking about is:

Dysphemism the usage of an intentionally harsh (rather than polite) word or expression; roughly the opposite of euphemism.

Better examples (taken from the Wikipedia article in the first link above) of word triplets illustrating Dysphemism / Orthophemism (neutral) / Euphemism are:

• terrorist / rebel / freedom fighter

• dorky / quirky / original

• fat / obese / chunky

But of course any originally "neutral" term can acquire negative connotations in either the population at large, or some subset thereof, simply because of the attitudes of speakers to the referent itself. For example, many people today perceive some words like banker, capitalist, management, wealthy, politician etc. as inherently "pejorative". If they needed to reference such concepts in a context where they didn't want the negative overtones, they'd find some "euphemistic" circumlocution ("My husband works in financial services").

Satire

According to wikipedia:

Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government or society itself, into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit as a weapon and as a tool to draw attention to both particular and wider issues in society.

"the crude satire seems to be directed at the fashionable protest singers of the time"

According to Oxford Dictionaries:

Satire:

The use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.