Learn English – word like cardinal or ordinal but for the “single, double, triple” series

I'm not aware of a satisfactory verb for the question's purpose. There are several nouns corresponding to the unit multiplier, such as unit, in sense 2, “The number one”. Note that the more-specialized sense 10, “(algebra) An element of a ring having a multiplicative inverse. (Formerly just the identity element 1R of a ring.)”, would in some rings include just the units 1 and -1, but in others may include numerous other values with magnitudes other than 1. Term unity, in sense 1 is “Oneness; the state or fact of being one undivided entity”, and in sense 4 is “(mathematics) Any element of a set or field that behaves under a given operation as the number 1 behaves under multiplication.” Term identity in senses 5 and 6 is “(algebra, computing) Any function which maps all elements of its domain to themselves” and “(algebra) An element of an algebraic structure which, when applied to another element under an operation in that structure, yields this, second element.”

For verbs, there is the rather clumsy identity mapping; one could say “she identity-mapped (or unity-mapped) her investment in (or to) profits”, which ought to mean 100% ROI, but whether it would be understood as such, or as gibberish, one hesitates to say.

According to Wikipedia, you are referring to the points of the compass:

The points of the compass are points on a compass, specifically on the compass rose, marking divisions of the four cardinal directions: North, South, East, West. The number of points may be only the 4 cardinal points, or the 8 principal points adding the intercardinal (or ordinal) directions northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and northwest (NW). In meteorological usage further intermediate points are added to give the sixteen points of a wind compass.[1] Finally, at the most complete in European tradition, are found the full thirty-two points of the mariner's compass. In ancient China 24 points of the compass were used.

(emphasis mine)