Learn English – word that means “structure and function”

The industry itself uses the term Payment Card. See this Wikipedia article for details. In IT you frequently hear the term "PCI compliant" to refer to software that meets security standards set out by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council, a consortium of players in the payment card business.

In practice the term isn't used often, but if you're looking for a single term I don't think there's a better one out there. I think the reason most merchants spell out which types of payment cards they take - "Visa, Mastercard, ATM and gift cards" for example - is because there's a lot of choices out there and most places do not accept all of them.

Logogram

A logogram, or logograph, is a grapheme which represents a word or a morpheme (the smallest meaningful unit of language). This stands in contrast to phonograms, which represent phonemes (speech sounds) or combinations of phonemes, and determinatives, which mark semantic categories.

Logograms are commonly known also as "ideograms". Strictly speaking, however, ideograms represent ideas directly rather than words and morphemes...

Other dictionaries seem to equate ideograms with logograms. Dictionay.com World English Dictionary for example:

Ideogram:

1. a sign or symbol, used in such writing systems as those of China or Japan, that directly represents a concept, idea, or thing rather than a word or set of words for it

2. any graphic sign or symbol, such as %, @, &, etc.