Ethereum-based tokens are intrinsically bound to Ethereum. Any token transaction would be in the form of a valid Ethereum transaction, in a block on the Ethereum chain. (see footnote)
It's entirely possible, as you've seen, to reward miners in a token for including a token-related transaction. This would indeed probably require modifying mining software, although in a future where tokens are common this might become a default setting. Either way, a token miner would also be an Ethereum miner. There'd be no way to mine only the tokens--nor, really, would there be any reason when you could get 5+ ETH per mined block for no extra effort.
At the moment, token transactions are payed for in ETH, which any miner would accept. The problem with paying solely in tokens is that even if someone will include the transaction, no unmodified miner would. That's why, as far as I know, there are no token-based fees currently in common use.
Footnote: An Ethereum smart contract could host a sidechain, and then the sidechain would have its own kind of miner. That said, sidechains have less use in Ethereum, since you can write contracts to have most sidechain features.
If you specify a low gas price, if any miner is willing to include the transaction at that price, it will get included, regardless of if it's the miner you were thinking of or someone else. That is, your transaction should propagate around the network and linger until it is mined or otherwise removed from the transaction pool of all miners.
If you meant you wanted to submit the transaction in such a way that no one other than a specific miner will miner, then I don't know how you would go about doing that without modifying that miner's node software to not rebroadcast the transaction. If you want to ensure that a particular miner sees the transaction, you can add it to your list of static nodes.
If you just want the transaction to go through cheaply, the more miners (as a % of the entire network) that allow low gas price transactions through, the faster your low-priced transactions will go through, so long as the network isn't congested (and you therefore get priced out). Easy rough calculation for mining time, assuming current block-capacity levels:
confirmation time = 20s / % of miners allowing your target gas price.
(20s is roughly current block time). So if 1% of miners will include your transaction, it'll take on average 2000s, or 30 minutes, for your transaction to be included.
See also Can gas price be fixed under 2 gwei?
Best Answer
Yes it is possible. However, it depends how you define "mining".
Normally mining means the action of a consensus protocol, like Proof of Work, or Proof of Stake, etc. So it will affect how coins are created. You will need to be very careful to allow the execution of
which means the creation must be in the guidance of the consensus protocol.
Here is an example. You define an new coin
(ERC20)
with following feature:Every 100 block, you give 5% interests to token holder.
Token holder can explicitly call this function to claim the interest. Or done implicitly during transfer.