you can't get it.
You didn't get any seed because the accounts created with geth
aren't part of a Herarchical Deterministic Wallet.
The seed is a 12-word composition called mnemonic, which is derivated via HMA-SHA512, in order to obtein all the accounts of a (HDW).
By creating accounts with geth you'll never be able to get a seed, because the accounts don't come from it.
Anyways, you can import your account into Metamask as said on this post response:
You can now import single/"loose"(as we call) keys into MetaMask if you click the menu in the top right corner. It will drop down with the option "Import account", you can click that and it will take you to a view where it will ask you to import your private key or json file.
Hope it helps.
If you were using the Google Chrome browser in Windows 10, you should be able to find the location of the Vault by going to this folder location (you need to be able to see the hidden files):
C:\Users\USER_NAME\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Local Extension Settings\nkbihfbeogaeaoehlefnkodbefgpgknn
In that folder you'll see a file called 000003 (or something like that), open that file with a text editor or code editor software like Atom (https://atom.io/).
In the text editor search for the word "vault" and copy this part that looks like the one pasted below:
{"vault":"{\"data\":\"wwpXXtFCqZkYsWfeEwItZjJ0Cc7mRVjG47Dqh+ztL1PiCG6Izhg+zG0mM+H2ykyjz3X0RNhAE6IVsWFZamcZ47B4sVi4SvUxrMhARm5L3yHPxr3UsyGrOXmthyVMgEGmjwlmnFCNd2nMZ2o8/sRMra8FupurqevnBv57FiYpEEs7gPpFHv6587aL44MmKD8Snv4JLFqiqmlK82Waq5F+Iv9mw2sFVAL9mgZBSgFgbWdB3TsKVB2k\",\"iv\":\"rkUQlNcGTxBE0My7a/bCXw==\",\"salt\":\"HcKyNfGzaRALRQ0DlKgcIe5Uk30iI/M//oG6w8vX8Nk=\"}"}
Remove the two parts in bold. Now use the Search and Replace feature of the editor to change all the \"
to "
You would now have something like this:
{"data":"wwpXXtFCqZkYsWfeEwItZjJ0Cc7mRVjG47Dqh+ztL1PiCG6Izhg+zG0mM+H2ykyjz3X0RNhAE6IVsWFZamcZ47B4sVi4SvUxrMhARm5L3yHPxr3UsyGrOXmthyVMgEGmjwlmnFCNd2nMZ2o8/sRMra8FupurqevnBv57FiYpEEs7gPpFHv6587aL44MmKD8Snv4JLFqiqmlK82Waq5F+Iv9mw2sFVAL9mgZBSgFgbWdB3TsKVB2k","iv":"rkUQlNcGTxBE0My7a/bCXw==","salt":"HcKyNfGzaRALRQ0DlKgcIe5Uk30iI/M//oG6w8vX8Nk="}
You can now go to the Vault Decryptor https://metamask.github.io/vault-decryptor/ and paste that in the textfield there, enter the password you set for the extension when you created your MetaMask wallet. You should be able to see your seed phrase and any manually imported private key below if you click the Decrypt button.
Best Answer
Metamask doesn't store keys or any data of wallet on server , actually the mnemonic generated by metamask when you create the wallet has the capability to generate the private key, public key and ethereum address .
This mnemonic is called BIP39 seed phrase,and it can be used to regenerate the private key of your wallet , private key can generate the public key and public key is used to generate ethreum address. So this feature is not specific to metamask , it is the property of BIP39 mnemonic to encode the private key of your wallet. That's why you should keep your mnemonic pass phrase secretly .
For further information you can access the link :- https://silentcicero.gitbooks.io/pro-tips-for-ethereum-wallet-management/content/ethereum-wallet-basics/using-seed-phrases-to-create-ethereum-accounts.html
There is an online tool which you can use to regenerate all the information of your wallet using the seed phrase:-https://iancoleman.io/bip39/