Are achievements account or character bound

So two things:

First, every character can learn every crafting discipline. You won't even lose progress. The catch is that you can only have two active discipline at once (as in, can craft things with them), and it costs money to switch between them, based on how highly skilled a discipline you're switching into. (If you switch in to a discipline you have no experience in, it's free!)

Second, most untradable items are, in fact, account bound, so you can freely store them in your bank and remove them. I assume the actual Legendary Weapons will bind to a character, but the materials can be passed around willy nilly.

But Crafting in Guildwars 2 is very much its own part of the game. Crafted gear is equal to gear earned from any other number of options, and is not inherently better. The only real "perk", if you want to call it that, comes from convenience.

Favoriting a dye does only what you said, it moves it to the top of your dye panel so you can easily pick it out from other dyes. As you stated, favoriting dyes does not allow you to share it across your characters. Dyes are currently character bound.