Can a Temple of the Sun God be moved

There's a bunch of information on the temple including how to get a perfect temple with every possible attack and ability. I can't say exactly what happened in your case however, since I cannot see what it looked like before sacrificing everything.

Unique Abilities, and Sacrifices Needed to Get Them. (Taken from link)

To build the most powerful temple, sacrifice the following nine maxed towers:

• To get longer freeze time, sacrifice Ice Tower - Viral Frost. (4 - x)

• To get larger freeze radius, sacrifice Ice Tower - Absolute Zero. (x - 4)

• To get more corrosive glue splatter, sacrifice Glue Gunner - Bloon Liquefier. (4 - x)

• To get larger glue splatter, sacrifice Glue Gunner - Glue Striker. (x - 4)

• To get stronger tornadoes, sacrifice Monkey Apprentice - Tempest Tornado. (4 - x)

• To get larger tornadoes, sacrifice Monkey Apprentice - Summon Phoenix. (x - 4)

• To get greater missile damage against ceramic bloons, sacrifice Bomb Tower - MOAB Assassin. (x - 4)

• To get six missiles per 1.5 seconds, sacrifice Mortar Tower - Big One (4 - x) or Artillery Battery (x - 4).

• To get stronger sun rays, sacrifice Super Monkey - Technological Terror. (x - 4)

Note that sacrificing other tower types duplicate the 16 blade volleys per second benefit provided by sacrificing the Super Monkey - Technological Terror.

Yes, the second tower will accept the first as a sacrifice.

It becomes stronger based on the types of towers sacrificed. In the case you've given, it will only obtain stronger sunrays, (you have not given an image or description as to what other towers are there, so I assume these are the only towers to exist) because the other Temple is an upgraded super monkey.

This will actually make the tower weaker if the first tower had any sacrifices when it was built, which I would assume it did (unless you sold all of your towers to be able to afford the first upgrade).