Check your Contacts tab on the left panel of your ship. If they show up as wanted, it'll show the amount in their entry in the Contacts tab.
It's worth mentioning that this won't show all of their bounties until you scan them with a Kill Warrant Scanner, so if they have bounties from other systems as well, you won't be eligible for those without the scan.
One important thing to remember is that heat doesn't cause damage until around 140% heat, so you have plenty of range to play around in.
v 1.2 Update: The new heat mechanic in 1.2 has moved the heat goalposts around, meaning you now start taking damage to modules at 100% heat[1] and damage to your hull at 140% (or the second line on the new heat bar).
[1] - The point at which you hit 100% in 1.2 is the same point you would have hit ~140% in previous versions, so you are not at a higher risk, it's the measurement that makes more sense.
Video Guide
The video guide is still relevant in 1.2 and higher, just bear in mind the above about the heat numbers. i.e. don't go above 100% any more.
How I've always done it
The way I usually fill up my tank is to aim first, have the star just on the edge of your view then throttle down to zero. When in supercruise this does not mean stationary so adjust your angle in small increments so that your heat stops rising but you are still getting a decent rate. If you are in a hurry, adjust your speed up in small increments as well which will give you a better rate but increase your heat, so you have to keep watching.
When scooping a lot of fuel, there's not much you can do about it other than find a good angle then go read reddit whilst you scoop.
Rate vs Scoop size
Each size and class of scoop will have a different rate and finding the optimal for your currently fitted scoop will take some experimentation. As above, until you know what a "safe" rate for your scoop is, just slowly increase the rate by adjusting your speed or angle against the star until your heat stabilises at a value less than 100%.
Best Answer
Yes, you can safely do multiple jumps before refueling.
If you use the Galaxy Map to find a multi-jump route to a system, the solid lines indicate how far you can go without refueling and the dashed lines are past the point where you'll need to refuel.
When you're in a station with outfitting available, you can go into Outfitting and look at the specs on a couple internal modules. Your Frame Shift Drive will have a maximum amount of fuel it can use per jump, and your fuel tank will have a maximum capacity. That will tell you how many jumps you can make before needing to refuel.
For example, the Sidewinder and Hauler both come with a C2 fuel tank that can hold up to 4T fuel, and an E2 Frame Shift Drive (FSD) that maxes out at 0.6T of fuel per jump. (4/0.6)=6.67, so with those ships, you should be able to do 6 jumps at max jump range before needing to refuel. More jumps than that at less than max range. Both of those ships already have the max fuel tank size equipped, but can go up to an A2 FSD that maxes out at 0.9T for a (longer) max distance jump.
You can't upgrade the fuel tank size, but you can add fuel tanks in "optional" slots, and I think everything comes with a configuration allowing at least a few jumps out of a single tank, even if you fully upgrade your FSD.
Note, however, that in-system flight also uses fuel, so you'll also use some getting to the station. In other words, you do not want to ever get too low on fuel, especially if you'll be doing a long in-system supercruise.
Instead of looking at the refueling amount when you're docked, you can look at the fuel gauge on the right side of your cockpit. That's the two horizontal bars under where it says "FUEL". The thicker fuel gauge bar is your main tank, used for frame shift jumps. When you have a jump location selected, part of the bar will be a different color, to show you how much fuel that jump will use. The thin bar on top of that is your "reserve" used for in-system flight. Reserve is replenished from the main tank when it runs out.
Also note that your max jump range will be higher if you're not carrying cargo, if your fuel tank isn't full, or anything else that reduces your total mass.
It's not clear to me how the fuel per jump works, but it does seem like a single jump at max distance uses more fuel than 2 jumps at half that distance. If you're using the Galaxy Map Navigation to get a route, I believe the "Economical" option gives you the lowest fuel usage and the "Fastest" gives you the least jumps.