Overwatch – Can Sombra Teleport to Her Teleporter After Respawn?

The confrontations that happen in PVP matches are not canon. They're framed by the lore, but they can include clearly nonsensical things (Like 6 Lucios battling against another 6 Lucios). Certain characters have 0 reason to work together, like Tracer and Widowmaker, yet gladly do so.

Until we see otherwise, there's no reason to assume these PVP games are actually occurring in the Overwatch timeline. Think of it more as providing a backdrop.

Some of the characters, upon respawn, make mention of "the wonders of modern medicine". This is probably the best you will get for an explanation of the respawning in-game.

As a rule of thumb, no.

The situation may differ depending on whether you're attacking or defending, but the time it takes to die, respawn and run back is time you could be spending diverting enemy attention, rounding up health packs (to zone/deny your enemy getting them when the next team fight starts), or scouting for teleporters/turrets/flankers.

One thing I will mention though, is that in a situation where it's suicide or die to the enemy without the option of retreating/regrouping (let's say you overextended and can't backtrack without getting pipped by a turret or sniper, and you're watching a Reinhardt trudging towards you); suiciding is the better of the two options.

This is because if you let that Reinhardt hammer your face in, he gets ultimate charge, which stacks the odds against your next engagement. If you suicide, the respawn timer is the same, and he is ~10% further from his ultimate because you decided the cliff would treat you better than his beatstick.