Can you catch monsters in Starbound? if so, how

Currently meat drops at a 50% rate when using bows. This is getting boosted to 70% as well as getting a small chance to drop when using other weapons.

Monsters now have a 70% chance to drop meat when killed with a hunting weapon, up from 50%

Added hunting knife weapon that also makes monsters drop meat

Monsters now have a small chance to drop meat when killed with normal weapons.

You can use campfires to warm up on frozen planets. Just keep one in your toolbar and you should be fine. Nights seem warmer on frozen planets, so you might want to go on adventure at night and stay at camp during day time.

The gear you're looking for in the spinning wheel (Yarn Spinner) is called Snow Infantry gear.