The manual states (page 52):
As long as the unit moves from one tile containing a road/railroad
into another tile containing a road/railroad, the unit will expend
just a fraction of the normal cost to move.
It doesn't say, however, what are the exact values of the fractions. Does moving along a road takes the underlying terrain into account? Is there any place these numbers are written?
Best Answer
I did a quick test using a couple different saves I had available to me, and found the following:
More info
Edit: In my first test, I had an extra movement point on my units due to playing as Persia in a golden age. (I did not remember where it came from, thanks bwarner) I've tested again and got the same results.
Edit2: I incorrectly listed the tech that increase road movement speed as Construction. Construction is important here because it builds bridges, but the one that affects the speed of roads is Machinery.