Clash-of-clans – Do I win league medals if I don’t participate

Clash of Clans syncs almost in real time, but it doesn't tell you that you have disconnected from the game the moment you disconnect from the game. Starting at the disconnection time, Clash of Clans will attempt to reconnect. If it doesn't connect in a specific period of time, it will give you the error message. If you exit the game before re-connection, it wont save the changes. You may disconnect from Clash of Clans but still have a stable connection to your Wi-Fi or data. Before exiting the game, I always find a multiplayer match (because that requires a connection to Clash of Clans) then exit the game to ensure that my changes have been saved

The Clash of Clans Wikia has a breakdown of all defenses and their damage rate per shot, including the splash radius where applicable. For instance, see this page for the Mortar.

At level 1, the Mortar does 20 damage per shot (= 4 damage/sec) with a 1.5 tile splash radius.

I don't want to completely reproduce their tables, but you can get an index of all the defensive buildings on this page.