Clash-of-clans – What happens if I take revenge and destroy all the attacker’s facilities

When you are attacked, several things happen:

• You lose resources, depending on how much the attacker "destroys". If the attacker destroys everything, you can lose up to a maximum of 50% of Elixir/Gold in your collectors, 100% of Elixir/Gold in your Town Hall, and 10-20% of Elixir/Gold in your storage containers depending on your Town Hall level. You also lose 75% of Dark Elixir in your collectors, 5-10% of loot in your Clan Castle and 4-6% of Dark Elixir in your storages This is a worst case, and can be significantly less if the opponent is higher level than you, or does not fully succeed in destroying your buildings.
• You lose trophies, depending on how much the attacker "destroys" and also the relative amounts of trophies you and the attacker have. Attackers get 1/3 of potential trophies for each star they receive. Potential trophies are more if the attacker started with less trophies than you, and are fewer if the attacker started with more trophies than you.
• Your buildings are not actually destroyed, even when the opponent "destroys" them. Buildings regenerate after attacks.
• Troops in your Army Camp do not participate. Troops in your Clan's Castle will fight if any enemy troop is deployed in its radius.
• There is a range of who can attack you. However, this is based on the number of trophies you have. This makes it possible for high level players to attack you. These players have just simply purposefully lost a bunch of trophies so they can "pick on" low level players. Bear in mind though that pairing is random, so in order for a higher level attacker to attack, they have to be randomly paired with you. Note this does not apply if you've previously attacked them, since they have a "revenge" option.

Well.. rarely do you get a more definitive answer than from the developers themselves:

How does the Wall Breaker choose its target?
Steps 1, 2, 3
1. It will look for the nearest building/turret that is trapped (fully or partially) by walls
2. It will choose the shortest path towards that building and blow up walls that are in its way
3. After the wall is blown up, it will choose the next building that is still trapped by walls, run straight towards it, and blow up walls that are in its way

So Wall Breakers don’t target walls anymore?!?!!1!!!!?
No. Instead of targeting walls, they aim for the main prize, a building that is trapped by walls. The wall just happens to be in its way, and has to be blown up. That building is the reason why you need that wall taken down, right?

Do Wall Breakers attack buildings?
No. They aim for the building and blow up the wall that is in their path.

Do Wall Breakers favorite junctions?
No. The Wall Breaker will run in a straight line towards the nearest building. When it encounters a wall, it blows it up.

Can I fool Wall Breakers by using spikes or short decoy wall sections?
No. They won't be fooled by those.

The two main takeaways from this that are interesting:
1. You can no longer lure Wall Breakers with "vestigial" walls.
2. Wall Breakers target the nearest enclosed building. Some have found that you can confuse them near the edge of your main village by enclosing something like a builder hut or tesla. ¡Viva the AI abuse!

Edit:

As added info, I've found this video from Flammy extremely informative. He shows the Wall Breaker aggro in action, and even has some crude measurements of aggro distance.