D3DCOMPILER_43.dll contains an error

You have to install DirectX 9, which you can get from this page from Microsoft. Windows 7 doesn't have DirectX 9 installed by default anymore.

The major versions (and even sometimes the minor version) of DirectX are so different that a game that expects a certain DirectX version won't work with other ones.

Usually a game installs the version it needs, you also might want to check if it gave you the option to install DirectX during the game installation. You always want to do that, even if you already have DirectX installed, that will ensure that you have a version the game expects.

You also shouldn't just copy games from different computers, always use the installation routine. You're missing registry entries and other software the game needs that aren't in the game directory. Just copying a game fails very often to work, as you have seen now.

From all symptoms I would assume that you have some hardware problems, most probably bad memory. As a first action you should download MemTest86 and run it for at least 1 full pass. If there is no errors, then get LinX and run test (problem size 10000, 40 passes) and verify that there are no errors. If still no problems found, try FurMark run stability test for at least 10 minutes and verify there is no freezes.

If you pass all above, then it's probably a software problem after all. Try to change graphics card driver (try to get WHQL certified version), and disabling antivirus software (if any). I would also highly suggest upgrading to Windows 8.1 Update 1 (but only if you pass all hardware tests).