Super Training is essentially EV training without having to look for specific Pokemon. Each training (HP, Attack, Defense, etc.) increases the corresponding EVs for your Pokemon.
The dark green part of the radial chart reflects your Pokemon's base stats. These cannot be changed and are the same for each Pokemon species. For example, the Mewtwo in that image, like most Mewtwos, has a high Special Attack base stat. The light green portion of the radial chart reflects your current stat distribution, accounting for EVs and level bonuses. The further from the center you get, the higher your stat is in that particular field.
The green bar on the right reflects the total amount of EVs that you have earned. Once your Pokemon fills out that bar, they will not be able to earn any more EVs, either through Super Training or battling other Pokemon. The green bar also affects how many points you get when you connect with shots in Super Training. The higher your bar, the more points, making it a necessity to have a higher green bar if you want to complete the higher levels of Super Training.
Super Training will not increase EVs for a single stat above 252.
Punching bags simply add more EVs. If you do really well in the Super Training (clear quickly), you can get better punching bags which give more EVs. For example, the Attack Bag S only gives 1 Attack EV while the Attack Bag L can give you 12 Attack EVs.
There are 18 confirmed patterns, and there are people who've managed to Catch 'Em All. Here's a YouTube video that shows them all caught:
These are the locations I've managed to piece together from firsthand experience and digging all over the internet, including various forums, reddit & tumblr posts (linked below).
Locations
- River:
- Australia (New South Wales and South Australia confirmed, although it seems all states are the same)
- Meadow:
- Austria
- Japan
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Luxembourg
- UK
- US (Oregon)
- Elegant:
- Modern:
- USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisianna, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
- Canada (Manitoba)
- Bulgaria
- Polar:
- Canada (Alberta, New Brunswick, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Quebec, Nova Scotia)
- Sweden
- Norway
- USA (Alaska, Conneticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
- Garden:
- UK
- USA (Virginia)
- Czech Republic
- Netherlands
- Ireland
- Australia (Tasmania)
- New Zealand
- Poland
- Marine:
- Austria
- Chile
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Italy
- Poland
- Spain
- Potugal
- Greece
- Continental:
- Belgium
- France
- Germany
- Korea
- Poland
- Russia
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Sweden
- Denmark
- USA (Colorado)
- Estonia
- Tundra:
- Sun:
- Icy Snow:
- Finland
- Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut)
- Norway
- High Plains:
- USA (Arizona, California, Oregon, Utah, Idaho, New Mexico, Washington Colorado)
- Canada (British Columbia)
- Jungle:
- Malaysia
- Colombia
- Singapore
- Ocean:
- USA (Hawaii)
- Reunion (Island off the coast of Madagascar)
- Savannah
- Sandstorm
- United Arab Emirates
- Somalia
- Monsoon
- Archipelago
- Puerto Rico
- Saint Lucia
- South Africa (Western Cape)
- Arizona (US)
Notes
- There are a few duplicates, especially in the US states, so please comment or edit if you find other locations, or if a listed location is invalid.
- It could be that you haven't set your State in the 3DS, so make sure that your State is set.
- Changing your 3DS location and catching Scatterbugs doesn't work. Apparently the game will only pick up your location at the start of the game, so you will need to restart if you want to change it.
- Breeding foreign Vivillion locally doesn't work either - the resulting Scatterbug still counts as being from your region
Sources:
Best Answer
In short: Yes. So long as the other Pokemon in your party were not fainted, they gain the full EV effects of whatever the lead Pokemon defeated when EXP.SHARE is turned on.
Per Bulbapedia, The formula that determines your stats is:
What this effectively means is that the total bonus Effort Values provide is distributed out across all 100 levels. You don't get the whole value all at once, it is metered out until the full value is reached at lvl 100.
If you trained speed to 200EVs (+50 to speed), in addition whatever speed it would normally gain every level - every second level that value is effectively raised by 1. It isn't very noticeable on any given level up, but over the course of several levels it starts to add up.