Everything got wiped in Starbound

I just experienced the same thing when I was playing around with Screen Sharing (from A I looked at B, and when I tried to connect from B to A, A's screen suddenly got a blue tint). Changing resolution back and forth a couple of times fixed it.

This was also on a MBP 13", bought in april 2012.

Well, just a guess. Did you need to reconfigure your User after the re-installation?

Microsoft isn't that tidy if they say "re-install". In some cases, user profiles will be migrated to "help" the user after the re-installation. In this case, it might be that your Roaming Profile is still present but uses older files.

You may want to search for it in C:\Users\<yourUsername>\AppData\Roaming (assuming your Windows and your profiles are installed on C:). There will be a folder called minecraft. Don't delete it, just rename it to minecraft_bak. Retry to open your Minecraft. Maybe you'll need to reinstall Minecraft and try it again. The folder will be recreated. But if this doesn't help, you have your original Minecraft folder still as a backup.

It might be, that Minecraft has some version issues to to your Roaming Profile and your fresh Minecraft installation.