Find the three thunderstorm shout words

Yes, all shouts involve 3 words.

Here is releveant information on the words:

You can learn thu'um words even if you dont have dragon souls.
However dragonsouls are needed to activate a shout word.

— Wikia - Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim - Word Wall

The player can choose to only vocalize part of a dragon shout which will lower the recharge time of the shout but cause the shout to be weaker. In an interview Todd Howard said every shout has 3 words and there is 1 word per word wall.

— Wikia - Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim - Dragon Shouts

So, there are three states for a word:

• Invisible: The word hasn't been learned nor activated.

• Grayed out: The word has been learned, but not activated yet.

• White: The word has been learned and been activated.

Here is a full list of the 24 dragon scouts:

• FUS RO DAH: Force Balance Push (Unrelenting Force)

• IIZ SLEN NUS: Ice Flesh Statue (Ice Form)

• STRUN BAH QO: Storm Wrath Lightning (Storm Call)

• YOL TOOR SHUL: Fire Inferno Sun (Fire Breath)

• TIID KLO UL: Time Sand Eternity (Slow Time)

• WULD NAH KEST: Whilwind, Fury, Tempest (Whilwind Sprint)

• RAAN MIR TAH: Animal, Allegiance, Pack (Animal Allegiance)

• SU GRAH DUN: Air, Battle, Grace (Elemental Fury)

• FIN ZI GRON: Fade, Sprint, Blind (Become Ethereal)

• FO KRAH DIIN: Frost Cold Freeze (Frost Breath)

• ZUL MEY GUT: Voice Fool Far (Throw Voice)

• ZUN HAAL VIIK: Weapon, Hand, Defeat (Disarm)

• LOK VAR KOOR: Sky Spring Summer (Clear Skies)

• HUN KAAR ZOOL: Hero Champion Legend (Call of Valor)

• JOOR ZAH FRUL: Mortal Finite Temporary (Dragonrend)

• KRII LUN AUS: Kill, Leech, Suffer (Marked for Death)

• LAAS YA NIR: Life, Seek, Hunt (Aura Whisper)

• OD AH VIING: Snow Hunter Wing (Call Dragon)

• KAAN DREM OV: Kyne, Peace, Trust (Kyne's Peace)

• FAAS RU MAAR: Fear Run Terror (Dismaying Shout)

• SLEN TIID VO: Flesh, Time, Undo (Ressurect Dead Dragon, not available to player, Alduin)

• N/A: N/A (Meteor Swarm, not available to player, Alduin)

• FIIK, LO, SAH: Mirror, Deceive, Phantom (N/A, not available to player, Greybeards)

• VEN, MUL, RIIK: Wind, Strong, Gale (N/A, not available to player, Alduin)

— See Wikia - Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim - Dragon Shouts for more details.

Most of the time you will find shouts during quests; couriers will deliver messages to you revealing shout locations, Sometimes the shout will be in the area the quest takes place. Just keep an eye out.

If you don't mind soiling your experience (imo) you can look up the locations for shout words online and attain them that way.

As for part two of your question, I'm pretty sure all shouts have unique words they use. So no, words are only used once.