(Or any other Wide Ranging attack, for that matter)
More specifically: if a Pokémon has multiple valid targets, and uses a Wide Ranging attack – such as Surf – to hit more than one of them, is the Critical Hit chance calculated once for the attack (like using a single attack, such as Tackle, in a solo battle), or calculated individually on a per-target basis (like using a multi-attack, such as Double Kick, in a solo battle: each hit is calculated separately)
Answers from any generation welcome, but Sword & Shield preferred – this might change between generations!
(Inspired by this question)
Best Answer
The critical chance is always based on the offensive Pokémon vs defensive Pokémon individually; so if your move hits 3 Pokémon, the game calculates 3 separate critical hits, one for each Pokémon hit (same for multiple hits moves like Fury Attack). Also, the critical chance can be changed in various ways:
Also, there are some moves which have high critical chances, all of them can only target a single Pokémon except Razor Leaf, which is a Grass-type physical move since Gen 1 (base power : 55, accuracy 95%, hits all adjacent enemies in double and triple battles, but not allies); thanks to @Zoma who mentioned it.
You can find more information on Bulbapedia's page on critical hits.
NB : If you have a Kingler with ability Shell Armor poisoned against a Toxapex with Merciless, the Shell Armor takes precedence and no critical hit happens. (here is a screenshot of a simulation done on pokemonshowdown to confirm this):
As you can see, no critical hit was landed.