No you cannot see the map during the game. It gives you information about the mission before starting the game. The information is quite useful, for example, people carrying keys you can take and alternate paths.
You need to buy the assets you want each time you enter the mission lobby. They will only last for one attempt and are lost when you start the mission.
So far, from what I could read online (in this guide and on the wikia, among other sources):
Briefing screen
Pay grade
The pay grade for a mission indicates how much cash players can expect to get out of a mission -- source.
Also this thread suggests it can go up to 10 stars.
Day rate
The dayly income rate is a cash reward with a multiplier for the day a heist takes (e.g. 1x in The Bank Heists and 3x in the Rats Heist) -- source.
Contract pay
The contract payment is a flat amount of cash reward based on the number of white stars (pay grade) -- source.
Payday
The overall payday is the sum of the other two cash rewards (pay grade and contract pay) and will be shown on the map if you select a heist -- source.
Yellow bonuses
These bonuses come directly from the difficulty (or "risk") of the mission, pictured by the yellow skulls on this very same screen. Normal = no skull -- overkill = 3 skulls.
Debriefing screen
Instant cash and bag loot items
The instant cash it the one you loot and put in your pockets directly during the game (jewels, cash bundles, ...) The bags are those heavy packs of money, jewels or even drug you'll have to carry in order to achieve a mission.
Balance
This section contains the sum of all the amounts contained in the Income section ($332,400 in the example given in the question) distributed between two type of accounts: the offshore account and the spending cash.
Offshore account
The offshore account consist of most of the money players steal during the course of their heisting career.
The player has no way of interacting with their offshore account and is only used to show off how much the player has stolen -- source.
Since August 30 2013, you can use your offshore account to directly buy specific missions from Crime.net.
Spending cash
The cash you get, finally. In the given example, it's 10% of the total amount, but so far I couldn't find any precise calculation to know if that percentage can vary or not.
This is the offshore account money and 10% of that becomes you spendable cash. -- source.
Best Answer
Enemies will duck and either hit the ground or try to move out of the way while being suppressed, during which time they won't do much firing back at you or your team. Certain enemies are more susceptible to being suppressed - pretty much anything "non special" below the FBI guys in full armour - these guys and specials will generally keep charging at you although I have seen tasers act momentarily suppressed. This is especially useful when you're trying to move bags in line of sight of enemies.
Just firing in the general direction of enemies will trigger the chance to suppress. How effectively you suppress is based upon:
Silenced weapons seem to act like a negative modifier to suppression, since the enemies don't "hear" the gunshots and therefore don't try and hide. Sticking one of the noise amplifier/threat increasing modifications (sharks teeth, fire breather, etc) to your weapon and increasing the noise it makes will improve your suppression.
This is further detailed on the inventory screen when looking at weapons:
The amount that your skills increase the effectiveness of a particular statistic is indicated in the "Skill" column.