There are 4 pillars on the front of the building which need to be destroyed. You can achieve this with RPGs, Tank shells, C4 and Missile emplacements. Also likely are Chopper rockets and IFV cannon, although I have not tested this.
The 4 pillars you need to destroy are the ones shown below. They already have some exposed reinforcement bars showing.
Each pillar takes 2x RPG shots to destroy, or 2x MBT rounds, or 2x TOW Stationary Emplacements or 5x C4 explosives. This be Beta values so this may change.
This is an "undamaged" pillar.
This is a "damaged" pillar.
This is a "destroyed" pillar. When all 4 look like this, it's time to GTFO.
To take down a tank all by yourself, the best way is C4. It takes 3 C4 to be sure to kill a LAV, tank or boat. Jeeps and Armored transport (Humvees, Vans, etc) takes 2 for a sure kill.
Note that 2 piece of C4 might kill a tank if you put them on the right spot (mostly on it's rear from what I found). If you put two pieces on the sides, it will disable the vehicle and leave it burning giving time to the driver to jump out. If you put the 2 pieces of C4 on the front, it will disable but not put the vehicle on fire.
1 piece of C4 does a mobility hit for sure which can allow you to put more C4 instead of the tank running off.
Mines are also a good way to take care of tanks, but you must place them near it and hope it runs over it (or shoot them with the Rex/magnum/slugs from shotguns) or place them in popular spots for vehicles to get that random kill 5 minutes later.
For the launchers, this is what I found:
Also, I found this forum post:
http://bf4central.com/battlefield-4-rocket-launchers/
For the damage stats versus vehicles per launchers, I could not find the stats. But I've heard that RPGs do the same damage as a tank shell. The angle is (like in BF3) primordial in BF4. If your rocket hits at 50 degrees, it will do around 20 to 25 damage while hitting a tank square on will do a disable in most cases. Tanks are also more resilient on the front to damage. Sides have less armor and even less armor to the rear.
Overall, killing a tank alone is easier with C4 since a good tank driver will rarely get killed by one engineer. However, to maximise your rockets potential, doing a 90 degree hit on the rear of the tank is the most effective way to kill it and the RPG is the one doing the most damage according to what I read.
Also, repair tools work wonders if you can sneak up on the tank, but that usually ends up in a suicide when the tank blows up (in BF3 you could survive with less than 10 HP, but in BF4 even if I stay at maximum Repair tool range, I still die).
Sources not linked before:
http://forum.symthic.com/battlefield-4-technical-discussion/5689-bf4-engineer-launcher-stats/
EDIT: Added mines,also, a guy took the time for 3 of the launchers:
http://www.reddit.com/r/battlefield_4/comments/1q39oy/rocket_damage_to_vehicles/
EDIT: RPG vs SMAW analysis
Best Answer
Golmud Railway: There is a mobile flag on a train, that drives (slowly) to the current owners base. There are also somewhat hidden explosives scattered about the map. They can be triggered by a computer nearby. The explosions leave big holes, providing some cover.
Hainan Resort: There are oil puddles which can be set aflame, producing a smokescreen for cover. You can also destroy the 2 wings of the hotel. Destroy the first two ground floors on either the left or right side to demolish the left or right side of the building.
Zavod 311: You can destroy the chimney of the factory via a terminal within the factory. The terminal starts a timer (3 minutes, I think).
Operation Locker: Many locker doors can be closed, potentially hindering enemy movement. The watchtower in the middle of the map can also be destroyed.
Dawnbreaker: There are 2 gas pipeline stations, which you can activate. Once activated, the main streets cracks open and the bridge collapses.
Lancang Dam: Shoot at the damn (RPG, Tank) and it starts to crumble, which causes debris to fly around the map. Electricity also fails, which causes the buildings to go dark.
Paracel Storm: The map starts sunny and calm, but a storm is coming. Waves start to get higher and flying gets more difficult. There is a ship that crashed into a wind turbine. Once the storm hits, there are cracks that appear in the turbine base. You need to shoot at that, to break the ship free. The ship then floats to the flagpoint C (the insel), causing huge destruction to it.
Rogue Transmission: You can destroy the antenna by shooting at the 10 supporting steel ropes.