Marking Stores that can be robbed Offline

For the Bail Bond missions in particular, and probably other missions you may want to track, you can view your progress by signing up with Rockstar Games Social Club and linking the account you're playing with.

In the Social Club page for GTA V, you can view your Career, and a tab under that category labeled Checklist will allow you to see all your progress in various missions. Maude's missions are under the Hobbies and Pastimes section.

This will only tell you whether you have completed the mission or not, though. It does not indicate where the target is located, and unfortunately this information does not appear on the Random Events and Strangers map at the bottom of the Checklist page. I suspect that the map could still be helpful for you to find other sidequests and events you haven't played yet.

As far as I know, there is no way to get back the emails or texts with mission information once they have been deleted (I'm kind of surprised they can be deleted; disappearing spontaneously would definitely be a bug). Resorting to a guide may be necessary on that front.

Lester's first assassination mission done first will advance your game to the point of progressing, and having him call you.

When I was trying to progress the story, I had done all regular and side missions, but left Lester for last. My game had nothing else to do, so I completed his mission. Immediately afterwords, I got a call allowing me to attempt the heist.