minecraft-java-edition – How to Do Damage When Touching a Particle in Minecraft with Commands

The command itself is completely fine, and works for me:

Make sure:

• You are within range of the ArmorStand that is actually executing the command. If you have multiple ArmorStands with 0 rotation (likely, as they spawn like that by default) the output will only show the result of the ArmorStand that happens to execute last, which may not be in range.
• You actually have a hasBanner score of 0. The default score for an objective is unassigned, not 0, so make sure it's being set to 0 somewhere.
• You are not on blue team.

The Attack Damage attribute only affects melee damage, even it is applied directly to the bow rather than onto armor. It does affect left click hitting with a bow, but not shooting.

I tested this by giving myself items with high + Attack Damage attributes, and counting how many attacks it took to kill a mob:

This piece, for example, was an instakill with a sword on everything, but the normal amount of shots with a bow. (I also tested items with lower + Attack Damage in case some kind of max value was stopping the bow from applying the insanely high extra damage.)